Reciprocal effects of huanglongbing infection and nutritional status of citrus trees: a review

Mattos, Dirceu; Kadyampakeni, Davie M.; Silva, Jefferson Rangel da; Vashisth, Tripti; Boaretto, Rodrigo Marcelli

doi:10.1007/s40858-020-00389-y

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…At the anatomical level, these symptoms include disruption of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast by hyperaccumulation of starch granules, causing deterioration in photosynthetic capacity (Bové, 2006; Fan et al., 2013; Nebauer et al., 2011). Under this situation, elevated levels of ROS generation and chances of photooxidative stress could increase due to over‐reduction of photosynthetic electron transport chains leading to damaged photosynthetic apparatus (Cakmak and Kirkby, 2008; Mattos‐Jr et al., 2020). Our study shows shade conditions reduce foliar starch accumulation in HLB‐affected trees, which has direct implications on HLB‐induced symptom alleviation and higher photosynthetic efficiency (Adams et al., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. asiaticus’ at the early stage of the disease can lead to loss of photosynthetic capacity with exacerbated irradiance sensitivity, making citrus more vulnerable to photoinhibition and photodamage (Nebauer et al., 2011; Sagaram and Burns, 2009). Photooxidation with an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also seems to be involved in these deterioration mechanisms as a consequence of carbohydrate over‐accumulation and impaired photosynthetic carbon fixation (Cakmak and Kirkby, 2008; Mattos‐Jr et al., 2020). Thus, overall, HLB accentuates the physiological challenges that excessive radiation intensity of the tropics and subtropics exert on citrus trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus

et al. 2021

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Summary Under tropical and subtropical environments, citrus leaves are exposed to excess sunlight, inducing photoinhibition. Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening), a devastating phloem‐limited disease putatively caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, exacerbates this challenge with additional photosynthetic loss and excessive starch accumulation. A combined metabolomics and physiological approach was used to elucidate whether shade alleviates the deleterious effects of HLB in field‐grown citrus trees, and to understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms related to shade‐induced morpho‐physiological changes in citrus. Using metabolite profiling and multinomial logistic regression, we identified pivotal metabolites altered in response to shade. A core metabolic network associated with shade conditions was identified through pathway enrichment analysis and metabolite mapping. We measured physio‐biochemical responses and growth and yield characteristics. With these, the relationships between metabolic network and the variables measured above were investigated. We found that moderate‐shade alleviates sink limitation by preventing excessive starch accumulation and increasing foliar sucrose levels. Increased growth and fruit yield in shaded compared with non‐shaded trees were associated with increased photosystem II efficiency and leaf carbon fixation pathway metabolites. Our study also shows that, in HLB‐affected trees under shade, the signaling of plant hormones (auxins and cytokinins) and nitrogen supply were downregulated with reducing new shoot production likely due to diminished needs of cell damage repair and tissue regeneration under shade. Overall, our findings provide the first glimpse of the complex dynamics between cellular metabolites and leaf physiological functions in citrus HLB pathosystem under shade, and reveal the mechanistic basis of how shade ameliorates HLB disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus

et al. 2021

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“…In biocontrol programs, native endophytes could be used to maintain long-term colonization inside the citrus host and eliminate CLas through niche and nutrient competition (Munir et al, 2018b). Biocontrol of plant pathogens has yielded effective results using bacteria under laboratory conditions (Herschkovitz et al, 2005;Andreote et al, 2010;Dematheis et al, 2013) and moderate effects under field conditions (Mattos-Jr et al, 2020), but the potential of indigenous endophytic bacteria as economically useful biocontrol agents against citrus pathogens has not been investigated, especially for HLB control (Munir et al, 2021). This approach may bring a revolution in managing citrus disease caused by phloem-limited α-proteobacteria (Bové, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defeating Huanglongbing Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus With Indigenous Citrus Endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21

Munir

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Huanglongbing (HLB) has turned into a devastating botanical pandemic of citrus crops, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). However, until now the disease has remained incurable with very limited control strategies available. Restoration of the affected microbiomes in the diseased host through the introduction of an indigenous endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21 isolated from healthy citrus may provide an innovative approach for disease management. A novel half-leaf method was developed in vitro to test the efficacy of the endophyte L1-21 against CLas. Application of B. subtilis L1-21 at 104 colony forming unit (cfu ml−1) resulted in a 1,000-fold reduction in the CLas copies per gram of leaf midrib (107 to 104) in 4 days. In HLB-affected citrus orchards over a period of 2 years, the CLas incidence was reduced to < 3%, and CLas copies declined from 109 to 104 g−1 of diseased leaf midribs in the endophyte L1-21 treated trees. Reduction in disease incidence may corroborate a direct or an indirect biocontrol effect of the endophytes as red fluorescent protein-labeled B. subtilis L1-21 colonized and shared niche (phloem) with CLas. This is the first large-scale study for establishing a sustainable HLB control strategy through citrus endophytic microbiome restructuring using an indigenous endophyte.

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“…The early symptoms caused by HLB are similar to those caused by the lack of trace elements (Mattos et al, 2020). Zn and P deficiencies could also promote HLB occurrence (Zhao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Enhancing Plant Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Controlling Citrus Huanglongbing: Green Sustainable Development Route Is the Future

Ruan

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most severe bacterial disease of citrus crops caused by Candidatus Liberibacter spp. It causes a reduction in fruit yield, poor fruit quality, and even plants death. Due to the lack of effective medicine, HLB is also called citrus “AIDS.” Currently, it is essential for the prevention and control of HLB to use antibiotics and pesticides while reducing the spread of HLB by cultivating pathogen-free seedlings, removing disease trees, and killing Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). New compounds [e.g., antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and nanoemulsions] with higher effectiveness and less toxicity were also found and they have made significant achievements. However, further evaluation is required before these new antimicrobial agents can be used commercially. In this review, we mainly introduced the current strategies from the aspects of physical, chemical, and biological and discussed their environmental impacts. We also proposed a green and ecological strategy for controlling HLB basing on the existing methods and previous research results.

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Reciprocal effects of huanglongbing infection and nutritional status of citrus trees: a review

Cited by 19 publications

References 117 publications

Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus

Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus

Defeating Huanglongbing Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus With Indigenous Citrus Endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21

Controlling Citrus Huanglongbing: Green Sustainable Development Route Is the Future

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