Rechargeable Sodium‐Based Hybrid Metal‐Ion Batteries toward Advanced Energy Storage

Abstract

Growing demands on energy storage devices have inspired a tremendous amount of research on rechargeable batteries. Future generations of rechargeable batteries are required to have high energy density, long lifespan, low cost, high safety, low environmental impact, and wide commercial affordability. To achieve these goals, significant efforts are underway to focus on electrolyte chemistry, electrode engineering, and new designs for energy storage systems. Herein, a comprehensive overview of an innovative sodium‐based hybrid metal‐ion battery (HMIBs) for advanced next‐generation energy storage is presented. Recent advances on sodium‐based HMIBs from the development of reformulated or novel materials associated with Na+ ions and other metal ions (such as Li+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, etc.), are summarized in this work. Daniell cell and “rocking‐chair” type batteries are covered. Finally, the current challenges and future remedies in terms of the design and fabrication of new electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes for advanced HMIBs are discussed in this report.

Versatile Interfacial Self-Assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene Based Composites with Enhanced Kinetics for Superior Lithium and Sodium Storage

“…However, the theoretical specific capacity of graphite, the most commercial anode material of LIBs, is only 372 mAh g –1 , which severely hinders the energy density of LIBs. Because sodium has relatively larger element abundance and similar properties compared with lithium, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) sharing a similar working principle to LIBs have come into scientists’ vision and are emerging as a hot territory in recent years. SIBs have been developed rapidly in recent years .…”

An overview on the use of metal vanadium oxides and vanadates in supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries

“…The presently used secondary rechargeable batteries appeared in the mid 1980s, and this battery technology evolved gradually from the use lead‐acid to nickel‐cadmium (Ni‐Cd) followed by lithium‐ion and nickel‐metal hydride. In case of lead‐acid batteries, Pb is used as the anode and PbO 2 as the cathode, while aqueous H 2 SO 4 serves as the electrolyte that can operate up to a voltage of 2.0 V, demonstrating low cost but high toxicity 22 …”

“…In case of lead-acid batteries, Pb is used as the anode and PbO 2 as the cathode, while aqueous H 2 SO 4 serves as the electrolyte that can operate up to a voltage of 2.0 V, demonstrating low cost but high toxicity. 22 In case of Ni-Cd batteries, NiO(OH) and pure Cd or Fe/Cd are used as the cathode and the anode, respectively, while, an alkaline aqueous solution serves as the electrolyte. The main drawbacks of Ni-Cd batteries are their high self-discharge rates and poor memory effects.…”

Stable cycling of Prussian blue/Zn battery in a nonflammable aqueous/organic hybrid electrolyte

“…The aqueous Daniell-type sodium-based hybrid ion battery is an ideal choice with merits of non-ammability, low cost, high power density, environmental benignity and easy assembly by using a metal anode directly. 7 Different from the rocking-type SIBs, the Daniell-type sodium-based hybrid ion batteries work with Na + insertion into/extraction from the cathode and Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ or Al 3+ deposition on/ stripping from the anode. [8][9][10] However, owing to the high activity of free H 2 O in aqueous electrolyte, Daniell-type batteries like Na 2 MnHCFkZn, 11 Na 0.44 MnO 2 kZn 12 and NiHCFkZn 13 usually exhibit an unsatised cycle life because of dissolution/decomposition of the cathode and corrosion of metal anode.…”