“…Although rechargeable aqueous batteries are attracting increasing attentions due to their low cost, high safety, environmentally friendly nature, and improved rate performance, the "free water" (the term "free water" indicates water molecules interacting solely with other water molecules) [139] molecules in aqueous electrolytes strongly limit the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte and trigger multiple side reactions, thus affecting cell performance upon cycling. In order to suppress the activity of "free water" molecules and expand the electrochemical stability window, novel electrolytes and components have been proposed, including high concentrated electrolytes or "water-in-salt/gel" electrolytes, [78,82,87,95,97,105,107,140] hybrid electrolytes, [65,66,74,75,77,78,[81][82][83]85,87,95,107,141,142] solid polymer electrolyte, [103] and additives, [84,86,88,89] to improve the electrochemical performances of AZIBs. D. Kim et al [140] reported that the cycling performance of ZnHCF in concentrated electrolyte (3 M Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ) was superior to that observed in the diluted system (1 M Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ), as a consequence of the decrease in the hydration number and radius of the zinc ions in the concentrated electrolyte.…”