Recently employed engineering techniques to reduce the spread of COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019): a review study

Abstract

<span>The main challenges of today’s global health care system are to reach to strong healthcare system, to provide effective methods to eliminate the increase in the number of dead and infected with virus of COVID-19. Therefore, during the last few months, the great importance and efficacy of a variety of engineering techniques that have greatly contributed in curbing the spread of the COVID-19, and evenly help to eliminate it according to recent scientific studies was highly prominent. Among these promising technologies in this field we mention, but not limited to, the use of ultraviolet (UV) rays to disinfection of air and surfaces. In addition, thermal imaging technology, which was employed using infrared radiation for monitoring people in crowded areas and human groups to determine who have abnormal temperatures, so that all preventive measures are taken. Robots have also been used and harnessed to perform many tasks that limit the spread of the virus and maintain the integrity of the human element. Last but not least, facial recognition techniques have also been used to limit the spread of this pandemic. Ultraviolet radiation is one of physical therapy modalities that can be used to increase the efficiency of human immune system to fight the virus. In conclusion UV radiation, infrared thermal imaging, robotics, AFR technologies are now widely used to reduce the spread of this virus and manage the outbreak.</span>

Introducing the Pi-CON Methodology to Overcome Usability Deficits during Remote Patient Monitoring

“…The human skin Is an example of a warm object that radiates heat, and thermal imaging has been used to detect body temperature (see Figure 7), specifically after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with the attempt to contain the spread of the virus [106]. A human's core temperature can be estimated by checking the temperature of a human's skin on the forehead as this is more convenient and less time-consuming, especially for patients that do not cooperate with axillary, rectal, or oral methods [107].…”

“…Table 1 analyses all discussed technologies and lists the advantages and disadvantages of each to develop a sensor based on the Pi-CON methodology [67,74,76,83,85,86,97,103,106,109,[113][114][115][116]]:…”

Comparison of meta-heuristic algorithms for fuzzy modelling of COVID-19 illness’ severity classification

“…A newly found coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered a global pandemic of respiratory sickness dubbed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]- [24]. COVID-19 appears to be more contagious than influenza and results in more serious diseases in certain people [5], [11], [15]. COVID-19 has a variable effect on individuals.…”