Recent Trends in Three-Dimensional Bioinks Based on Alginate for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an appealing and revolutionary manufacturing approach for the accurate placement of biologics, such as living cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in the form of a 3D hierarchical structure to fabricate synthetic multicellular tissues. Many synthetic and natural polymers are applied as cell printing bioinks. One of them, alginate (Alg), is an inexpensive biomaterial that is among the most examined hydrogel materials intended for vascular, cartilage, and bone tissue printing. It has also been studied pertaining to the liver, kidney, and skin, due to its excellent cell response and flexible gelation preparation through divalent ions including calcium. Nevertheless, Alg hydrogels possess certain negative aspects, including weak mechanical characteristics, poor printability, poor structural stability, and poor cell attachment, which may restrict its usage along with the 3D printing approach to prepare artificial tissue. In this review paper, we prepare the accessible materials to be able to encourage and boost new Alg-based bioink formulations with superior characteristics for upcoming purposes in drug delivery systems. Moreover, the major outcomes are discussed, and the outstanding concerns regarding this area and the scope for upcoming examination are outlined.

Collagen in Wound Healing

“…Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an evolving adaptive manufacturing technique that offers the development of wound treatments that can deal with the issues presented by traditional wound dressings (i.e., need for frequent dressing change, adherence to wound tissue making dressing changes painful) [ 126 ]. The bioprinting process integrates cell-laden hydrogels, also called bioinks, together with motorized systems to create complex structures that can be catered precisely to the patient or situation in question [ 79 , 80 , 126 , 127 , 128 ]. In 2009, a 3D-printed human skin construct incorporating collagen I together with fibroblasts and keratinocytes was the first successful attempt at creating a skin implant.…”

Current Insight of Printability Quality Improvement Strategies in Natural-Based Bioinks for Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing

“…However, a study on alginate bioinks reported to have high viscosity, and thus will induce shear-thinning properties during printability by using extrusion-based bioprinting [ 73 ]. Therefore, the printability quality of alginate bioinks can be achieved using a suitable nozzle size and adjust the viscosity based on a suitable concentration for the printing process [ 44 ].…”

“…Previous studies reported that the use of natural-based bioinks gives an excellent scaffold porosity product. A study of alginate scaffold porosity revealed that the alginate scaffold’s pore sizes are in various sizes ranging from 5–200 nm according to different concentrations [ 44 ].…”

Doku Mühendi̇sli̇ği̇nde 3 Boyutlu Bi̇yo-Baski İçi̇n Bi̇yofonksi̇yonel Mürekkepler

“…Biyouyumlu, düşük maliyetli ve farklı basım tekniklerine uygun olması önemli özelliklerindendir. Lineer bir kopolimer olan aljinat, β-(1-4)-D-mannuronik asit (M) ve α-(1-4)-L-guluronik asit (G) monomerlerinden oluşur [16]. Aljinatın yapısı elde edildiği bölgeye göre değişir.…”