Recent Trends in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

New World cutaneous leishmaniasis: Updated review of current and future diagnosis and treatment

“…38 Amphotericin B is associated with infusionrelated toxicityeand thus needs to be administered slowlyeand nephrotoxicity. 21 The liposomal preparations, also administered IV, are less toxic, but also significantly more expensive.…”

“…Despite this, frequent adverse reactions with moderate morbidity have been associated with its use, to include an unusually high rate (50%) of hyperglycemia, most likely as a result of pancreatic damage, and hypotension, tachycardia, and electrocardiographic changes. 21 Imidazoles/triazoles (ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole)…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26] Their implementation, however, is not widely accepted as treatment efficacy is not convincing, and experience with their use is limited.…”

“…87,88 Other drugs Agents such as rifampicin, isoniazid, dapsone, chloroquine, cyclosporine, recombinant interferon, nifurtimox, and monoclonal antibodies that have found some favor in human and animal studies involving Old World CL have not being investigated for their efficacy against New World disease. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In addition, several novel compounds have demonstrated leishmanicidal activity, such as antimicrobial peptides, and a diverse number of plant extracts, such as chalcones, alkaloids, terpenes, and phenolics. 55 There is still much more to learn about the activity of these agents.…”

“…21,[26][27][28][29][30] Both human and parasite genomes have been targeted for sequence analysis. The Leishmania genome project, which began as a large-scale attempt to sequence part of each of the transcripts of all the genes of the organism, has been almost completed.…”