Recent trends in Tanzanian fertility

Abstract

This paper provides an assessment of the nature and magnitude of Tanzania's recent fertility decline, using robust methods for the identification of fertility trends. A decline in Tanzanian fertility began some time in the late 1970s or early 1980s. The pattern of decline exhibits similarities to patterns identified some years ago in Zimbabwe and Kenya. The decline has been especially marked in urban areas. It has been accompanied by a rapid rise in contraceptive prevalence from the very low levels before 1990 to just under 20 per cent of currently married women of reproductive age. Although falling marital fertility associated with a rise in contraceptive use is the main contributor to the decline in fertility, a rise in the average age at marriage has also made a (smaller) contribution, as has the AIDS epidemic. The fact that fertility is declining in Tanzania raises questions about the social and economic requirements for fertility transitions to begin in sub-Saharan Africa.

Multivariate Analysis of Household Decision Making, Contraceptive Use and Fertility Behaviour among Ever-Married Men in Nigeria

“…The likelihood of wanting more children is higher among men with higher levels of wealth compared to the poor. Similar studies have been reported by Belohlav et al (2016); Kana et al (2016); MacQuarrie et al, 2015); Kabagenyi et al (2013); Islam (2013); Martinez et al (2012);Koji (2000); Hinde, and Mturi (2000); Uddin et al (2011). They found that the likelihood of using contraceptives and having small family size was lower among rich men compared to those men in lowest wealth quintile.…”

“…Studies on fertility behaviour and contraceptive use have been found to be associated with men's socio-economic status-education and age at marriage (Martinez et al, 2011), marital status (Fuse, 2010), wealth status (Koj, 2000;Hinde and Mturi, 2000), region (Giusti and Vignoli,2006), type of family head, place of residence and religion (Uddin et al, 2011); gender roles (Kaufman 2000;Puur, Oláh et al 2008;Goldscheider et al, 2010), multi-partners (Carlson and Furstenberg 2006;Guzzo and Furstenberg, 2007), income (Guzzo and Furstenberg, 2007) and current number of living children (Lappegård and Rønsen, 2009;Kabagenyi et al, 2014;Kogay and Itua, 2017), among others. Yet, limited studies have delved into men's decision-making role in affecting contraceptive use, as a means of controlling fertility in Nigeria.…”

Determinants of fertility in Ethiopia

“…It contributes for the change and structure of the population In sub-Saharan countries, fertility rate is high compared to the rest of the world [1][2][3] . In Ethiopia the situation is similar, i.e., there is high fertility and rapid population growth rate.The country's population in 2013 was estimated to be more than 80 million 4 .…”

Recent fertility decline in Eritrea

“…Age at first marriage has been recognized as an important determinant of fertility because it marks the beginning of exposure to the risk of childbearing in societies where pre-marital sex is uncommon and where there is little deliberate effort to control fertility (Blanc and Rutenberg, 1990;Hinde and Mturi, 2000). However, some studies suggest that the effect of changes in nuptiality on overall fertility is not clear because of substantial fertility among never-married women (Hinde and Mturi 2000;Innocent 2001).…”

“…However, some studies suggest that the effect of changes in nuptiality on overall fertility is not clear because of substantial fertility among never-married women (Hinde and Mturi 2000;Innocent 2001). In Eritrea, where pre-marital childbearing is uncommon or very low (NSEO and ORC Macro Inc. 1997), delays in marriage can reduce the number of women under risk of childbearing and hence fertility.…”