Recent trends in rapid diagnostic techniques for dermatophytosis

Aboul-Ella, Hassan; Hamed, Rafik; Abo-Elyazeed, Heidy

doi:10.1080/23144599.2020.1850204

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The WAVD Clinical Consensus Guidelines for dermatophytosis states that as no single diagnostic test is considered “gold standard”, a combination of complementary diagnostic tests should be utilised to obtain a diagnosis of dermatophytosis 1 . Even though in‐house fungal cultures were used as the “gold standard” for comparison to qPCR in this study and in previous studies, neither of these diagnostic tests can differentiate between true active infection and fomite carriage 1,4,8,14,18,21 . It is possible that in some cases of a positive fungal culture and a negative qPCR, that the former represents a false positive and the latter represents a true negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Discrepant positive qPCR results can occur when there is fomite carriage or detection of nonviable dermatophyte DNA 1,6,8,9,14–18 . None of the dogs and cats in this study were housed in a high‐density animal setting (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4]10,12,13 Discrepant positive qPCR results can occur when there is fomite carriage or detection of nonviable dermatophyte DNA. 1,6,8,9,[14][15][16][17][18] None of the dogs and cats in this study were housed in a high-density animal setting (e.g. shelters, breeding facilities) where the risk of fomite carriage is higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Even though in-house fungal cultures were used as the "gold standard" for comparison to qPCR in this study and in previous studies, neither of these diagnostic tests can differentiate between true active infection and fomite carriage. 1,4,8,14,18,21 It is possible that in some cases of a positive fungal culture and a negative qPCR, that the former represents a false positive and the latter represents a true negative. Likewise, in some cases of a negative fungal culture and a positive qPCR, the former may represent a true positive and the latter may represent a false negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective analysis of the concordance of in‐house fungal culture and a commercial quantitative PCR from 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA (2018–2019)

Frost¹,

Schick²,

Mount³

2022

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background: Commercial quantitative (q)PCR and fungal culture can be used concurrently or individually to test for dermatophytosis with a reported high sensitivity and specificity. Hypothesis/Objectives:The aims of this retrospective study were: (i) to evaluate the concordance of a commercial qPCR with in-house fungal culture for the initial diagnosis of dermatophytosis and for monitoring for mycological cure during treatment in dermatology private practice; and (ii) determine the sensitivity and specificity of qPCR overall, (iii) for initial diagnosis and (iv) for treatment monitoring in dogs and cats. Animals: Four-hundred and twenty-seven client-owned dogs and 188 clientowned cats. Materials and methods: Retrospective evaluation of electronic medical records from 615 client-owned dogs and cats presented to 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA from 2018 to 2019. Concordance of qPCR with in-house fungal culture and sensitivity and specificity were determined from 667 paired samples. Results: qPCR agreed with in-house fungal culture in 63 of 85 positive tests and 571 of 582 negative tests, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 74.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 63.5-83.0] and 98.1% (95%CI 96.6-99.0), respectively. qPCR sensitivity and specificity for the initial diagnosis of dermatophytosis and for treatment monitoring were 72.4% (95%CI 59.1-83.3) and 98.7% (95%CI 97.3-99.5), and 77.8% (95%CI 57.7-91.4) and 92.0% (95%CI 80.1-97.8), respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Compared to in-house fungal culture, qPCR was less sensitive and more specific than reported previously. These findings suggest that a diagnosis of dermatophytosis and determining mycological cure should continue to be based on a combination of complementary diagnostic tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective analysis of the concordance of in‐house fungal culture and a commercial quantitative PCR from 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA (2018–2019)

Frost¹,

Schick²,

Mount³

2022

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals have also been found to suffer from disproportionate rates of immersion foot, calluses, pitted keratolysis, and foot infections [50]. When coupled with inadequate living conditions and malnutrition, such conditions can contribute to skin ulcers, chronic non-healing wounds, and osteomyelitis [51][52][53].…”

Section: Tinea Pedis-associated Infections and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea pedis epidemiology and importance from the lens of homelessness and low-resource settings.

Rasul

Rafie

Anderson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Patients experiencing homelessness (PEH) are a patient group with high levels of morbidity and mortality. PEH have high rates of dermatophyte infections, although the exact incidence and prevalence compared to the general population has not been determined. This study characterizes tinea pedis in homeless individuals across geographic locations and offers recommendations for treatment in low-resource settings. A total of 58 PubMed articles were analyzed with inclusion criteria containing ‘tinea pedis’ and ‘homeless’. Cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies published from 1979–2022 were evaluated. In North America, among sheltered homeless individuals the prevalence of tinea pedis ranged from 3.2–13.5% whereas it occurs at roughly a 10% frequency in the general population. European studies showed a tinea pedis frequency of 4.4–34.9% in the general population compared to 3.2% in a homeless patient cohort. There is incomplete data on tinea pedis infections in homeless populations in Africa, Asia, and South America. There are statistically significant differences in disease burden and healthcare utilization between sheltered and unsheltered homeless patients. This study raises questions about the status of dermatophytosis among homeless populations in high-risk areas such as the Southern United States. Pre-emptive treatment of tinea pedis is vital for PEH due to the potential for severe complications such as cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Longitudinal treatment in low-resource settings with simple interventions such as antifungal powder, socks, and hygiene supplies, can potentially prevent the progression of tinea pedis and improve disease burden.

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Nanosensors for Detection of Human Fungal Pathogens

Ghormade

2022

Nanotechnology for Infectious Diseases

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Recent trends in rapid diagnostic techniques for dermatophytosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 108 publications

A retrospective analysis of the concordance of in‐house fungal culture and a commercial quantitative PCR from 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA (2018–2019)

A retrospective analysis of the concordance of in‐house fungal culture and a commercial quantitative PCR from 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA (2018–2019)

Tinea pedis epidemiology and importance from the lens of homelessness and low-resource settings.

Nanosensors for Detection of Human Fungal Pathogens

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