Recent trends in preparation and biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), possessing both magnetic behavior and semiconductor property, have been extensively used in multifunctional biomedical fields due to their biocompatible, biodegradable and low toxicity, such as anticancer, antibacterial, cell labelling activities. Nevertheless, there are few IONPs in clinical use at present. Some IONPs approved for clinical use have been withdrawn due to insufficient understanding of its biomedical applications. Therefore, a systematic summary of IONPs’ preparation and biomedical applications is crucial for the next step of entering clinical practice from experimental stage. This review summarized the existing research in the past decade on the biological interaction of IONPs with animal/cells models, and their clinical applications in human. This review aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge involved with IONPs’ biological effects in vivo and in vitro, and improve their smarter design and application in biomedical research and clinic trials. Graphical Abstract

Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction

“…Many experiments are focused on the combination of existing biomaterials with metal nanoparticles. Indeed, the antimicrobial potential of metal nanoparticles has been studied in detail by numerous researchers (e.g., [ 260 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 ]). Based on recent evidence, metal nanoparticles may also have an important role to play in the diagnosis and even treatment of cancer [ 270 , 271 ]; this can be important in cases of bone degeneration and even fracturing due to cancer [ 272 , 273 ].…”

Crafting Iron Oxides for Next-Generation Biomedical Applications

“…2 The chemical-based synthesis method is a very common way to synthesize iron oxides in nanoscale size. 2,8 Many types of chemical-based synthesis methods are preferable to fabricate iron oxides compared to physical-and biologicalbased synthesis methods. Many of them are also relatively simple processes, such as coprecipitation, sol−gel, hydrothermal, and solvothermal methods.…”

Polyhedral Magnetic Nanoparticles of High Magnetization Synthesized by Hydrocooling and Magnetically Internal Heating Coprecipitation: Implications for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…25−27 Nevertheless, the organic solvent is hard to entirely isolate during this procedure, leading to the possible biological toxicity of clinical application. 28 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a technology based on coprecipitation to prepare high-performance IONPs.…”

“…Anisotropic-shaped IONPs exhibit higher performance in MRI. − The changes in the morphology of IONPs can lead to an increase in the nonuniformity and disturbance area of the excitation magnetic field. This will increase the range of action of IONPs on surrounding water protons, thereby enhancing the T 2 relaxation ability of IONPs. , Researchers utilized the thermal decomposition of iron precursors in high-boiling organic solvents to synthesize IONPs with enhanced magnetic characteristics and anisotropic shape. − Nevertheless, the organic solvent is hard to entirely isolate during this procedure, leading to the possible biological toxicity of clinical application . Therefore, it is crucial to develop a technology based on coprecipitation to prepare high-performance IONPs.…”