Polyhedral Magnetic Nanoparticles of High Magnetization Synthesized by Hydrocooling and Magnetically Internal Heating Coprecipitation: Implications for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

The coprecipitation method is widely recognized as a green, biocompatible, and low-cost synthetic pathway. However, the conventional coprecipitation approach used for generating iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) yields particles with inadequate crystallinity and magnetism and challenges in controlling their morphology. These limitations restrict the potential uses of IONPs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study introduces a technique called hydrocooling and magnetically internal heating coprecipitation (HMIHC) to address these limitations and enhance the MRI performance of IONPs. The introduction of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) accelerates the self-ripening process of IONPs and facilitates an ordered arrangement of magnetic moments within the IONPs. Simultaneously, precise control over the phase change is achieved by gradually introducing a NaOH solution, leading to the synthesis of polyhedral IONPs. The polyhedral IONPs produced via HMIHC exhibit extraordinary magnetism and a high r 2 value, and these IONPs exhibit excellent MRI capabilities. This research reveals the significant potential of HMIHC in the production of magnetic nanomaterials for MRI.

Ultrahigh-Resolution Visualization of Vascular Heterogeneity in Brain Tumors via Magnetic Nanoparticles-Enhanced Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

“…Currently, a variety of methods such as high-temperature thermal decomposition/thermal injection, solvothermal synthesis, and coprecipitation are employed to prepare and control the properties of Fe 3 O 4 NPs . Among these methods, coprecipitation, known for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, is particularly favorable for mass production of biocompatible Fe 3 O 4 NPs. , Notably, clinical-grade Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, such as ferumoxytol, have historically been produced using this method. , Despite its clinical use, ferumoxytol still suffers from several drawbacks, including poor particle uniformity, complex preparation requirements, and limited sensitivity due to relatively lower relaxivity. − These factors underscore the significant demand for the development of simple and high-performance Fe 3 O 4 NPs tailored for high-field CE-SWI. Here, we meticulously deliberated on factors such as the choice of precursor, synthesis methods, and reaction conditions.…”