Recent technological advancements in stem cell research for targeted therapeutics

Rai, N.; Singh, Anurag; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Gaurishankar, Bhaskar; Kamble, Swapnil C.; Mishra, Pradeep; Kotiya, Deepak; Barik, Suvakanta; Atri, Neelam; Gautam, Vibhav

doi:10.1007/s13346-020-00766-9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…gloeosporioides in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells was further validated through the decreased expression of CD44 gene. The cell surface marker CD44 has been widely employed to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs) from various cancers including breast cancer. , Previous studies also suggest that in breast cancer tumorigenesis, CD44-positive cells are present that exhibit stemness characteristics such as self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, CD44 are known to regulate other factors such as Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, and therefore, targeting the cell surface marker CD44 provides a better insight into the cancer stemness inhibition potential of the EA extract of C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

et al. 2023

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Fungal endophytes are known to be a paragon for producing bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological importance. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular alterations induced by the bioactive compounds produced by the fungal endophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the tumor microenvironment of human breast cancer cells. GC/MS analysis of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of C. gloeosporioides revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exerted potential plasmid DNA protective activity against hydroxyl radicals of Fenton’s reagent. The cytotoxic activity further revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit more sensitivity toward the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides as compared to MCF-7 cells, whereas non-toxic to non-cancerous HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the anticancer activity demonstrated by the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides was studied by assessing nuclear morphometric analysis and induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes the alteration in cellular and nuclear morphologies, chromatin condensation, long-term colony inhibition, and inhibition of cell migration and proliferation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The study also revealed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated cells undergoes apoptosis by increased production of reactive oxygen species and significant deficit in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study also showed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes upregulation of pro-apoptotic (BAX, PARP, CASPASE-8, and FADD), cell cycle arrest (P21), and tumor suppressor (P53) related genes. Additionally, the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (BCL-2 and SURVIVIN) and increased Caspase-3 activity suggest the induction of apoptosis in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that the bioactive compounds present in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides promotes apoptosis by altering the genes related to the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic pathway. Further in vivo study in breast cancer models is required to validate the in vitro observations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

et al. 2023

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“…FACS and MACS are traditional methods of obtaining CSCs, but are limited by low cell yields, reduced cellular viability and cost. By incorporating technological advances, suspension culture has become a complementary method to FACS or MACS, and has been widely recognized as a means to circumvent the aforementioned disadvantages (12). Spheroid cells enriched by SFM suspension culture have prominent characteristics of CSCs, and can either be used directly or purified via FACS or MACS prior to CSC-related research (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the SFM suspension culture method can effectively expand and enrich CSCs. Advantages include high yields, improved cell viability, ease of operation and low cost (9,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspension culture strategies to enrich colon cancer stem cells

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2023

Oncol Lett

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How to efficiently obtain high-purity cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been the basis of CSC research, but the optimal conditions for serum-free suspension culture of CSCs are still unclear. The present study aimed to define the optimal culture medium composition and culture time for the enrichment of colon CSCs via suspension culture. Suspension cell cultures of colon cancer DLD-1 cells were prepared using serum-free medium (SFM) containing variable concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to produce spheroids. Culture times were set at 10, 20 and 30 days. A total of nine different concentrations of EGF and bFGF were added to SFM to generate nine experimental groups. The proportions of CD44 + , CD133 + , and CD44 + CD133 + double-positive spheroid cells were detected via flow cytometry. mRNA expression of stemness-, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-associated genes was determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Self-renewal ability was evaluated by a sphere-forming assay. Tumorigenesis was studied in vitro using a colony formation assay and in vivo via subcutaneous cell injection in nude mice. It was found that the highest expression proportions of CD133 + and CD44 + spheroid cells were observed in group (G)9 (20 ng/ml EGF + 20 ng/ml bFGF) at 30 days (F=123.554 and 99.528, respectively, P<0.001), CD133 + CD44 + cells were also observed in G9 at 30 days (and at 10 days in G3 and 20 days in G6; F=57.897, P<0.001). G9 at 30 days also displayed the highest expression of Krüppel-like factor 4, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5, CD44, CD133, Vimentin and 25.401, 3.272, 7.852, 13.331 and 17.445, respectively, P<0.001) and the lowest expression of E-cadherin (F=10.851, P<0.001). G9 at 30 days produced the highest yield of cell spheroids, as determined by a sphere forming assay (F=19.147, P<0.001); colony formation assays also exhibited the greatest number of colonies derived from G9 spheroids at 30 days (F=60.767, P<0.01), which also generated the largest mean tumor volume in the subcutaneous tumorigenesis xenograft model (F=12.539, P<0.01). In conclusion, 20 ng/ml EGF + 20 ng/ml bFGF effectively enriched colon CSCs when added to suspension culture for 30 days, and conferred the highest efficiency compared with other combinations.

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“…Isolation of cells from the tumor microenvironment is crucial in stem cell-based cancer therapy. A growing body of literature suggests the advances in the isolation of a single cell and identification of cancer cell-specific biomarkers such as laser capture microdissection, micromanipulator, magnetic-activated cell sorting, microfluids and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) [62]. Magnetic labelling-based isolation of a cell is a widely used method to harvest cancer stem cells from a cell suspension [63].…”

Section: Nanotherapy In Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Targeted Drug Delivery for Preclinical Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutics

et al. 2023

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Nano-oncology is a branch of biomedical research and engineering that focuses on using nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials are extensively employed in the field of oncology because of their minute size and ultra-specificity. A wide range of nanocarriers, such as dendrimers, micelles, PEGylated liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles are used to facilitate the efficient transport of anti-cancer drugs at the target tumor site. Real-time labeling and monitoring of cancer cells using quantum dots is essential for determining the level of therapy needed for treatment. The drug is targeted to the tumor site either by passive or active means. Passive targeting makes use of the tumor microenvironment and enhanced permeability and retention effect, while active targeting involves the use of ligand-coated nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is being used to diagnose the early stage of cancer by detecting cancer-specific biomarkers using tumor imaging. The implication of nanotechnology in cancer therapy employs photoinduced nanosensitizers, reverse multidrug resistance, and enabling efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA molecules for therapeutic applications. However, despite recent advancements in nano-oncology, there is a need to delve deeper into the domain of designing and applying nanoparticles for improved cancer diagnostics.

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Recent technological advancements in stem cell research for targeted therapeutics

Cited by 9 publications

References 215 publications

Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Suspension culture strategies to enrich colon cancer stem cells

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Targeted Drug Delivery for Preclinical Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutics

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