Recent Strategies for the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives

Abstract

Recent advances in pyridine synthesis are described. Modification of traditional condensation strategies continues to be a recurrent theme in contemporary literature. Advancements in transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization and cross-coupling procedures offer new routes to functionalized pyridine derivatives. These recently developed methodologies are a valuable addition to azaheterocycle synthesis.

Mechanism of the 6-Hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine 3-Monooxygenase Flavoprotein from Pseudomonas putida S16

“…Organic synthesis of pyridine derivatives is commonly accompanied by the formation of by-products (42). In contrast, the enzymes involved in microbial metabolism usually have high substrate specificity and favor a single product.…”

Transition metal-free one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

“…For such potential scaffolds many contemporary methods for their preparation are available. Many of the existing methods suffer from certain limitations with respect to workup, multistep strategies, or reaction condition and formation of byproducts [149]. Due to the potential biological activities, great attention is still devoted to the development of novel and operationally simple methods for their synthesis.…”

Contemporary development in sequential Knoevenagel, Michael addition multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 4-Aryl-5-oxo-5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile

“…Recently, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are most extensively used for the synthesis of bioactive molecules [43][44][45]. It has been demonstrated that Knoevenagel [46][47][48] and Michael addition [49][50][51][52] reactions are involved in the synthesis of bioactive pyridine nucleus [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. A number of homogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalysts [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] have been employed for the preparation of pyridines, dihydropyridines, and its analogs in diverse methods, e.g.…”