Recent Resurgence of Mumps in the United States

Abstract

Despite a high coverage rate with two doses of mumps-containing vaccine, a large mumps outbreak occurred, characterized by two-dose vaccine failure, particularly among midwestern college-age adults who probably received the second dose as schoolchildren. A more effective mumps vaccine or changes in vaccine policy may be needed to avert future outbreaks and achieve the elimination of mumps.

Epidemiology and the economic assessment of a mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population, Orange County, New York, 2009–2010

“…[4][5][6] A concern that always arises in such outbreaks is the documentation of mumps vaccine doses. The documentation of 2 doses of MMR vaccine in this outbreak is reliable as it was obtained from the state immunization registry or from the healthcare provider's office or immunization records.…”

“…5,23 In Finland, where indigenous mumps has been declared to be eliminated, Davidkin et al were able to follow individuals who received the MMR vaccine. 24 The authors found that 20 y after the first dose, 74% were seropositive for mumps (lower than 95% for measles and 100% for rubella).…”

“…27 In previously reported studies crowded educational settings such as schools, universities, and camps, have played an important role in transmission of mumps. 5,[28][29][30][31][32][33] No evidence has suggested that other factors such as handling changes and vaccine lots were risk factors for vaccine failure.…”

“…However, mumps outbreaks among high two-dose vaccinated populations have been recently reported in literature, both within the United States and internationally. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In New York State, school immunization laws for measles, mumps, and rubella have been implemented since 1968. 9 In 1989, Public Health Law (PHL) (Section 2165) was enacted to require students attending post-secondary institutions who were born on or after January 1, 1957, to have 2 doses of measles, 1 dose of mumps and 1 dose of rubella vaccine.…”

Anti-mumps virus activity by extracts of Mimosa pudica, a unique Indian medicinal plant

“…There are no reports regarding development of drugs against MuV till date. But recently, reports of resurgence of mumps in MMR vaccinated populations and its complications in children and adults have been established globally [5,6,23]. This current situation has warranted the need for effective drugs against mumps infection.…”