Recent research progress on bio‐oil conversion into bio‐fuels and raw chemicals: a review

Abstract

Recent advances in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for producing fuels and commodities (olefins and BTX aromatics) are gathered in this paper, with a focus on the conversion of bio-oil (produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass). The main valorization routes are: (i) conditioning of bio-oil (by esterification, aldol condensation, ketonization, in situ cracking, and mild hydrodeoxygenation) for its use as a fuel or stable raw material for further catalytic processing; (ii) production of fuels by deep hydrodeoxygenation; (iii) ex situ catalytic cracking (in line) of the volatiles produced in biomass pyrolysis, aimed at the selective production of olefins and aromatics; (iv) cracking of raw bio-oil in units designed with specific objectives concerning selectivity; and (v) processing in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) units. This review deals with the technological evolution of these routes, in terms of catalysts, reaction conditions, reactors, and product yields. A study has been carried out on the current state-of-knowledge of the technological capacity, advantages and disadvantages of the different routes, as well as on the prospects for the implementation of each route within the scope of the Sustainable Refinery. /jctb 2 -C 4 olefins 147 a % Relative area: Percentage of total peak area detected by GC/MS semi-quantitative analysis.

Oxidative Steam Reforming of Raw Bio-Oil over Supported and Bulk Ni Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

“…In spite of its renewable nature, the low content of S and N, and neutral CO 2 balance for combustion, bio-oil is not suitable for direct use as a fuel due to its instability and properties (such as high water and oxygen content, acidity, corrosiveness and low viscosity). Consequently, several processes have been proposed for stabilizing, conditioning and up-grading bio-oil in order to convert it into platform chemicals (olefins and BTX), liquid fuels or H 2 [10][11][12]. Thus, the bio-oil produced in decentralised pyrolysis units can be subsequently transported to a centralized unit for H 2 production.…”

Potential of Used Cooking Oil as Feedstock for Hydroprocessing into Hydrogenation Derived Renewable Diesel: A Review

“…Similarly, the isomerization properties of the products were enhanced at low temperatures [89]. Huber et al [90][91][92] investigated HDO by co-processing of sunflower oil and heavy vacuum oil (HVO) mixtures. Nickel molybdenum / alumina was used, with pressure at 50 bars and temperature at 573 K to 723 K in a tubular reactor.…”

A Hybrid FCC/HZSM-5 Catalyst for the Catalytic Cracking of a VGO/Bio-Oil Blend in FCC Conditions

“…In this transition, incorporating lignocellulosic biomass in biorefinery platforms is a viable strategy for the production of "green" fuels and chemicals, while simultaneously reducing oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions [1,2]. Bio-oil attracts great interest as a biorefinery platform because it can be upgraded to renewable or blended hydrocarbon fuels through a number of routes [3,4]. This interest is grounded in the technological development attained for bio-oil production through biomass fast pyrolysis, with simple technologies of low environmental impact [5].…”