Recent rapid speciation and ecomorph divergence in<scp>I</scp>ndo‐<scp>A</scp>ustralian sea snakes

Sanders, Kate L.; Rasmussen, Arne Redsted; Mumpuni, _; Elmberg, Johan; Silva, Anslem de; Guinea, Michael L.; Lee, Michael S. Y.

doi:10.1111/mec.12291

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, there have been very few phylogeographic studies of sea snakes to date, and these have focused primarily above the species level (Sanders et al . ) or on species with restricted distributions in the Australasian region (Lukoschek et al . , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity

Ukuwela

Silva²,

Mumpuni

et al. 2014

Zoologica Scripta

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2014). Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity. -Zoologica Scripta, 43, 472-484. The Indo-Australian archipelago (IAA) supports the world's highest diversity of marine fish, invertebrates and reptiles. Many of the marine fish and invertebrates show congruent phylogeographic patterns, supporting a view that the region's complex geo-climatic history has played an important role in generating its exceptional biodiversity. Here, we examine population genetic structure of the viviparous sea snake, Hydrophis curtus, to assess how past and present barriers to gene flow in the IAA have contributed to genetic and species diversity in a fully marine reptile. Mitochondrial and anonymous nuclear sequences and ten microsatellite loci were used to identify patterns of historical genetic structure and population expansion, reconstruct dated genealogies and assess levels of recent gene flow. These markers revealed strong concordant geographic structure within H. curtus with a prominent genetic break between populations broadly distributed in the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific. These populations were estimated to have diverged in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, and microsatellite admixture analyses suggested limited recent gene flow between them despite the current lack of barriers to dispersal, indicating possible cryptic species. Subsequent divergence in the mid-late Pleistocene was detected within the West Pacific clade among the populations in the Phuket-Thailand region, South-East Asia and Australia, and two of these populations also showed genetic signals of recent range expansions. Our results show that climatic fluctuations during the Plio-Pleistocene generated high levels of cryptic genetic diversity in H. curtus, and add to similar findings for diverse other marine groups in the IAA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity

Ukuwela

Silva²,

Mumpuni

et al. 2014

Zoologica Scripta

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“…Hence, it is possible that the Sunda shelf/Indo-Pacifc biogeographic barrier that formed during low sea level stands isolated populations of H. curtus and many other species of sea snakes spanning the IO and WP. Interestingly, this pattern has also been observed in recent phylogeographic studies of two other aquatic snakes: the salt water tolerant amphibious Cerberus rynchops (Alfaro et al, 2004;Murphy et al, 2012) and the viviparous sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Sanders et al, 2013b). Many marine fishes (Magsino and Juinio-Meñez, 2008;Gaither et al, 2011) and invertebrates (Lavery et al, 1996;Benzie, 1999;Crandall et al, 2008) also show this pattern of Indo-Pacific vicariance.…”

Section: Past and Present Barriers To Dispersal And Gene Flow Betweenmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Thus, they are ideal candidates to examine historical biogeographic events and their role in generating biodiversity. Though recent studies have shed light on the origins, patterns of viviparous sea snake diversity in the IAA (Lukoschek et al, 2007;Lukoschek et al, 2008;Sanders et al, 2013b;Ukuwela et al, 2014;Ukuwela et al, 2016b), this work did not focus on the origins and patterns of viviparous sea snake species diversity in the IO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeographic origins of the viviparous sea snake assemblage (Elapidae) of the Indian Ocean

et al. 2017

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Abstract:One of the primary goals in biogeography is to understand how different biotas have been assembled in different regions of the world. The presence of the viviparous sea snakes in the Indian Ocean (IO) poses a unique question in this regard due to their evolutionary origins in Australasia (Australia and New Guinea). Here, we examined the origins and patterns of colonization of the IO sea snake assemblage through time-calibrated molecular phylogenies and ancestral area reconstructions. We further evaluated how past and present barriers to dispersal affect genetic diversity of IO sea snakes by examining the population genetic structure of the widespread sea snake, Hydrophis curtus. Our phylogenetic analyses and ancestral area reconstructions strongly indicate that the majority of the IO sea snakes are derived from the Southeast Asian (SEA) sea snake fauna through dispersal and colonization with an in situ radiation (Hydrophis stricticollis-Hydrophis obscurus clade). Further, many species have undergone vicariant speciation events across the Sunda shelf/Indo-Pacific barrier, which formed during the low sea level periods of the Pleistocene. Population genetic analysis of H. curtus revealed a prominent genetic break between populations broadly distributed in the IO and SEA with limited recent gene flow indicating possible cryptic species. These results suggest that compared to the viviparous sea snake stem group that originated 10.6-6.5 million years ago, the IO viviparous sea snakes have a relatively long and complex evolutionary history in the IO and thus have a unique conservation value.

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“…Although I. convulsella and I. gekkonella can be identified on external characters, a single genital character, presence of the compound cornutus in I. convulsella, is the most reliable means of identification. Recent studies in which the incomplete lineage sorting of closely related species has occurred have often cited rapid speciation as a reason for a lack of monophyly of species clades (Pestano et al, 2003;Hundsdoerfer et al, 2009;Sanders et al, 2013). Indeed, Nice & Shapiro (1999) found that the morphological characteristics of a lycaenid butterfly genus had progressed more rapidly than the evolution of mitochondrial DNA and allozymes.…”

Section: Evolutionary Relationships Of Izathamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny reveals the repeated evolution of complex male genital traits in the New Zealand moth genus Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

Bennik

Buckley

Hoare

et al. 2015

Systematic Entomology

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Male genitalia are among the most rapidly evolving and divergent morphological structures and sexual selection is known to drive this phenomenon in many taxa. Because of their diversity, even within a single genus, genital characters are frequently used to infer relationships among closely‐related species. Moths within the genus Izatha (Xyloryctidae) are ideal candidates for investigating the phylogenetic patterns of genital evolution as they display great variation in male genital structure and complexity. We determined the evolutionary relationships among 31 species of Izatha by constructing a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene and the isocitrate dehydrogenase and carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein nuclear genes. This allowed estimations of ancestral male genital character states and patterns of male genital diversification using maximum‐likelihood models. The genus is divided into two well‐supported clades and two poorly supported clades at the root of the phylogeny with incomplete phylogenetic resolution within two species groups, likely due to rapid speciation. Izatha display a number of apomorphic phallic traits including cornuti (sclerotized spines) which are either discharged into the female during copulation (deciduous cornuti) or fixed to the male phallus (compound and fish‐hook cornuti). Within the genus, there is a reduction of secondary genital characters – the uncus and gnathos – but an elaboration of another grasping structure, the juxta; the potential origin and functionality of these male genital traits are discussed. Overall, some male genital characters provided a good indication of species relationships; however, several parts of the complex male genitalia of Izatha show evidence of homoplasy and convergence highlighting the problems of using these traits in determining species relationships. Additionally, this convergence has highlighted that complex genital structures may evolve repeatedly and independently within a lineage.

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Recent rapid speciation and ecomorph divergence inIndo‐Australian sea snakes

Cited by 48 publications

References 77 publications

Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity

Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity

Biogeographic origins of the viviparous sea snake assemblage (Elapidae) of the Indian Ocean

Molecular phylogeny reveals the repeated evolution of complex male genital traits in the New Zealand moth genus Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

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