Molecular phylogeny reveals the repeated evolution of complex male genital traits in the New Zealand moth genus <i>Izatha</i> (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

Bennik, Rebecca Marie; Buckley, Thomas R.; Hoare, Robert; Holwell, Gregory I.

doi:10.1111/syen.12155

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Incomplete lineage sorting as an alternative for non-monophyly predicts no consistent patterns with respect to geography [19,20,81] and is improbable for the main clades of our data set. We also suggest that the observed pattern is unlikely a result of a phenotypic convergence, even when taking into account, that astonishing cases have been documented for other insect groups but for morphological adaptations [97–99]. Phenotypic convergence is not able to explain why brevipennis and cerdaniensis song groups not only form taxa pairs but in many cases also share identical haplotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Complex within a Complex: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Hidden Diversity in Cicadetta brevipennis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Unexpected Relationships with a Song Divergent Relative

et al. 2016

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Multiple sources of data in combination are essential for species delimitation and classification of difficult taxonomic groups. Here we investigate a cicada taxon with unusual cryptic diversity and we attempt to resolve seemingly contradictory data sets. Cicada songs act as species-specific premating barriers and have been used extensively to reveal hidden taxonomic diversity in morphologically similar species. The Palaearctic Cicadetta montana species complex is an excellent example where distinct song patterns have disclosed multiple recently described species. Indeed, two taxa turned out to be especially diverse in that they form a “complex within the complex”: the Cicadetta cerdaniensis song group (four species studied previously) and Cicadetta brevipennis (examined in details here). Based on acoustic, morphological, molecular, ecological and spatial data sampled throughout their broad European distribution, we find that Cicadetta brevipennis s. l. comprises five lineages. The most distinct lineage is identified as Cicadetta petryi Schumacher, 1924, which we re-assign to the species level. Cicadetta brevipennis litoralis Puissant & Hertach ssp. n. and Cicadetta brevipennis hippolaidica Hertach ssp. n. are new to science. The latter hybridizes with Cicadetta brevipennis brevipennis Fieber, 1876 at a zone inferred from intermediate song patterns. The fifth lineage requires additional investigation. The C. cerdaniensis and the C. brevipennis song groups exhibit characteristic, clearly distinct basic song patterns that act as reproductive barriers. However, they remain completely intermixed in the Bayesian and maximum likelihood COI and COII mitochondrial DNA phylogenies. The closest relative of each of the four cerdaniensis group species is a brevipennis group taxon. In our favoured scenario the phylogenetic pairs originated in common Pleistocene glacial refuges where the taxa speciated and experienced sporadic inter-group hybridization leading to extensive introgression and mitochondrial capture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Complex within a Complex: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Hidden Diversity in Cicadetta brevipennis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Unexpected Relationships with a Song Divergent Relative

et al. 2016

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“…The lichen tuft moths within the genus Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) are diverse, widespread and common across New Zealand and possess complex and diverse male genital traits (Bennik et al . 2016); however, little is known about the general mating ecology of species within this genus. For many Lepidoptera, the mating status and degree of polyandry of field‐collected adult females can be determined by dissection as the number of spermatophores within the corpus bursa indicates the number of prior copulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in body size and male mating success within lichen tuft moths Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

2020

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Animals with scramble competition mating systems commonly exhibit female‐biased sexual size dimorphism, protandry and biased population sex ratios that reflect the active mate‐searching role of males. This is particularly so in many Lepidoptera, where males are classic scramble competitors. However, it is unclear how these features relate to the actual mating success of males or females over the reproductive season. In this study, patterns of adult flight period variation and mating status of the New Zealand lichen tuft moths Izatha peroneanella (Walker, 1864) and I. churtoni Dugdale, 1988 were determined from three locations. Protandry, male‐biased sex ratios and female‐biased sexual size dimorphism were evident in both species. There was a significant decrease in male and female I. peroneanella and I. churtoni body size over the flight period. Smaller males were more likely to have mated, but this was driven by the fact that they also emerged later in the breeding season, as collection date was the best predictor of mating status for males. Females exhibited higher likelihoods of having mated than males, but this was not influenced by body size. These data on the ecology and mating success of I. peroneanella and I. churtoni allow a better understanding of the mating system of species within this genus where their mating system is likely to be dominated by scramble competition under polygamy.

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“…In this study, the B. falcata species group has obvious sexual dimorphism and is an ideal candidate for the examination of speckle evolution, because the speckles show some striking diversification and particularity within the group. Independent mapping of the divergent morphological characteristics onto molecular phylogenies is a widely used method (Richmond et al, 2012;Wojcieszek & Simmons, 2012;Yassin & Orgogozo, 2013;Bennik et al, 2016;Mitter et al, 2017). This method can allow ancestral states to be reconstructed and the likelihood of independent or convergent evolution of specific morphological characters to be assessed (Barmina & Kopp, 2007;Scharer et al, 2011;Mitter et al, 2017;Ospina-Garcés & De Luna, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species reassessment congruent with the phylogeographical study of the Biston falcata species group

Cheng

Jiang

Xue

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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The Himalaya, Hengduan, and Qinling mountains are very important mountain systems in China. Because they are geographically adjacent, species distributed in these three mountains usually have close relationships, but species/populations distributed in the first two mountain systems have higher genetic diversity and more complex phylogenetic structures than those found in the Qinling Mountains. In this study, we used molecular and morphological methods to explore the phylogeographical structure, species differentiation, and evolutionary history of the Biston falcata species group, which is widely distributed in the Himalaya, Hengduan, and Qinling mountains. Five species were identified; B. quercii is distributed in the Qinling Mountains and its adjacent areas, and the other four species are mainly distributed in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains. Four gradual species differentiation events occurred at approximately 3.07, 1.75, 1.50, and 1.30 Ma, corresponding to the stage with strong geological movements of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The low land between the Qinling and the northern Hengduan Mountains, the Sichuan Basin, the low land between the eastern and central Himalaya Mountains and the Mekong‐Salween Divide are four geographical barriers that resulted in multiple speciations. In addition, long‐range dispersal as another mechanism for speciation is non‐negligible. In spite of failing to confirm the ancestral area, our study provided direct evidence of the speciation induced by the geographical barriers and adaptation to the plateau.

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Molecular phylogeny reveals the repeated evolution of complex male genital traits in the New Zealand moth genus Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 82 publications

Complex within a Complex: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Hidden Diversity in Cicadetta brevipennis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Unexpected Relationships with a Song Divergent Relative

Complex within a Complex: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Hidden Diversity in Cicadetta brevipennis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Unexpected Relationships with a Song Divergent Relative

Seasonal variation in body size and male mating success within lichen tuft moths Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)

Species reassessment congruent with the phylogeographical study of the Biston falcata species group

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