Recent progress of Prussian blue analogues as cathode materials for nonaqueous sodium-ion batteries

Synthesis of Prussian Blue Analogue and Its Catalytic Activity toward Reduction of Environmentally Toxic Nitroaromatic Pollutants

“…Additionally, the presence of Cr(CN) 6 vacancy significantly impacts the PBA structure leading to lattice strain induce porosity production especially when the particle size of the PBA is reduced to the nanoscale dimensions. 30 , 31 …”

“…Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are widely utilized in fuel cells, supercapacitors, medicine, and energy storage systems depending on their small particle size, redox chemistry, high charge transfer, flexible molecular structure, and photomagnetic characteristics. Owing to their high electronegativity and spectroscopic features, the cyanide group (CN – ) can combine with the transition-metal results in producing large diversity complexes with a great variety of coordination modes. − Moreover, PB exhibits a special structure anchored to the extended porosity and transfer of charge carriers from cyanide bridge CN through nitrogen or carbon atom to a metal center creating 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials with open frameworks. , Despite the aforementioned advantages, the PBAs have some drawbacks such as low conductivity and molecular aggregation. To optimize their performance and avoid these problems, conductive nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene could be combined with the PB framework. , Moreover, a change in the transition metal that linked nitrogen molecules to manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and palladium (Pd) creates novel complexes with excellent structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. − …”

“…Owing to their high electronegativity and spectroscopic features, the cyanide group (CN – ) can combine with the transition-metal results in producing large diversity complexes with a great variety of coordination modes. 22 − 24 Moreover, PB exhibits a special structure anchored to the extended porosity and transfer of charge carriers from cyanide bridge CN through nitrogen or carbon atom to a metal center creating 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials with open frameworks. 23 , 25 Despite the aforementioned advantages, the PBAs have some drawbacks such as low conductivity and molecular aggregation.…”

Anion vacancy regulated cation intercalation in potassium Prussian blue analogue cathodes for hybrid sodium ion batteries

“…5,6 Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been explored as a family of NIB cathodes. [7][8][9] The framework of Na + -filled PBAs (Na-PBAs), with a general formula NaxM[Fe(CN)6]1y•zH2O (0 < x ≤ 2, 0 < y ≤ 1, z < 2, M = transition metal), has large interstitial sites to accommodate Na + and directional channels for fast Na + diffusion, as well as the structural "openness" to realize small lattice strain during repetitive Na + intercalation. As a result, Na-PBAs have delivered some of the best cathode performance for NIBs so far.…”

Reconfiguring Sodium Intercalation Process of TiS2 Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries by a Partial Solvent Cointercalation

“…Demands for large-scale energy storage systems continue to drive the momentum to explore cost-efficient battery systems beyond the conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). − Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives and have been extensively investigated with their long and rich history of the research, due to similar electrochemistry with lithium counterpart and the natural abundance of Na resources. − During the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to discovering electrode materials to take advantage of the cost-effectiveness and reliable electrochemical properties of sodium battery chemistry. In this endeavor, various metal oxides, chalcogenides, phosphates, and Prussian blue materials have been broadly investigated as potential electrodes for SIBs, showing remarkable promises. − One of the important classes of electrodes for SIB is the layered transition metal dichalcogenides . Titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ), a well-known lithium cathode in early lithium batteries, is a good example, and has been extensively studied since 1970s regarding its intercalation chemistry for sodium ions. , It is an archetypical layered crystalline material with strong in-planar covalent bonds and weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, being suitable for large ion intercalations .…”