Recent progress in use of MXene in perovskite solar cells: for interfacial modification, work-function tuning and additive engineering

Abstract

The use of perovskites in photovoltaic and related industries has gained tremendous success over the last decade. However, there are still obstacles to overcome in terms of boosting their performance...

Nanocrystalline TiO2/Ti3C2Tx MXene composites with a tunable work function prepared using atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma

“…13,14 In photovoltaics, MXenes have been applied to perovskite solar cell charge-transport layers owing to their superior electron mobility and appropriate bandgaps. 15,16 Controlling the surface terminations of MXenes is important because the functional groups have an impact on their stability, electronic structure, and physicochemical properties. 17,18 The heating of MXenes under vacuum leads to the desorption of fluorine terminations, whereas the amount of oxygen remains stable.…”

“…13,14 In photovoltaics, MXenes have been applied to perovskite solar cell charge-transport layers owing to their superior electron mobility and appropriate bandgaps. 15,16…”

Electron transport bilayer with cascade energy alignment based on Nb2O5–Ti3C2 MXene/TiO2 for efficient perovskite solar cells

“…These functional groups shift the electrostatic potential at the surface and modify the electronic band structure according to their chemical concentration. 29,30 Thus, the work function (WF) of MXenes can be tailored by modifying the type and concentration of these functional groups, [31][32][33] making them promising for application in thirdgeneration photovoltaic devices such as organic, 34,35 perovskite 33,36 and dye-sentitized 37,38 solar cells.…”

“…In PSCs, MXenes have been recently incorporated as additives in ETLs of different oxides. 36,39,40 Agresti et al 41 showed the incorporation of Ti 3 C 2 into compact and mesoporous TiO 2 ETLs, which resulted in an improvement of 26% of PCE compared to pristine devices. Similarly, Ti 3 C 2 was introduced into the hydrocolloid SnO 2 solution for ETLs resulting in an improvement of 6.5% in the PCE, as reported by Yang et al 42 Also, Yang et al 43 reported a PSC with a PCE of up to 23% and outstanding stability against humidity and light soaking after applying Ti 3 C 2 quantum dots in a SnO 2 based ETL.…”

K+-doped P6̄ crystals of NIR-upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ conform to the ‘strain–intensity’ relationship

“…For instance, the management of internal and external strain through lattice engineering has successfully addressed the performance enhancement issue in different types of perovskite-based solar cells. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Lattice strain and disordering has been believed to affect carrier diffusion while playing a central role in regulating the charge recombination process. [7][8][9][10] Lattice strain has been reported to control carrier relaxation dynamics, spectroscopy, and photoluminescence by manipulating the number of trap states in different types of quantum dots.…”