Recent progress in the preparation and application of carbon nanocapsules

Abstract

In this review paper, the processes for the fabrication of carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanospheres, carbon onions, onion-like carbons and metal-filled carbon nanocapsules are reviewed. These processes include carbon arc discharge, metal catalysed chemical vapour deposition, thermal pyrolysis of organometallics and nanodiamonds, electric arc in liquid (e.g. liquid N2, H2O and organic solvents), and microwave arcing. The applications of both hollow and metal-filled carbon nanocapsules/nanoparticles as x-ray target materials, nanolubricants, broadband electromagnetic wave absorbers, catalysts for organic reactions, electrode materials for batteries and electrochemical immunoassays, biomedical gene/drug transporters, etc are also reviewed. The future prospects are also discussed.

“Hydrothermal wrapping” with poly(4-vinylpyridine) introduces functionality: pH-sensitive core–shell carbon nanomaterials

“…"Pure" nanocarbon materials based on nanotubes [3], nanofibers [4], nano-onions [5], and graphenes [6] are often investigated and employed in the assembly of functional films. Nanoparticulate materials based on "carbon blacks" [7] have the disadvantage of a less well-defined chemical structure but the benefits of large scale accessibility, low cost, and a proven safety record.…”

Generalized Parton Distributions: Visions, Basics, and Realities

“…Although some work has been done in this direction [73; 96; 97], such models are at present not flexible enough for fitting. In principle, such a field theoretical framework allows also to include transverse momentum dependence and points in the direction of a unifying description of hard inclusive, semi-inclusive, and exclusive processes [202].…”

Tailoring environment friendly carbon nanostructures by surfactant mediated interfacial engineering

“…Various fabrication methods and applications of carbon based capsules were summarized in the recent reviews [107,108].…”