Recent Progress in the Development of Conducting Polymer‐Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Biosensors Applications: A Mini‐Review

Abstract

Among various immobilizing materials, conductive polymer-based nanocomposites have been widely applied to fabricate the biosensors, because of their outstanding properties such as excellent electrocatalytic activity, high conductivity, and strong adsorptive ability compared to conventional conductive polymers. Electrochemical biosensors have played a significant role in delivering the diagnostic information and therapy monitoring in a rapid, simple, and low cost portable device. This paper reviews the recent developments in conductive polymer-based nanocomposites and their applications in electrochemical biosensors. The article starts with a general and concise comparison between the properties of conducting polymers and conducting polymer nanocomposites. Next, the current applications of conductive polymer-based nanocomposites of some important conducting polymers such as PANI, PPy, and PEDOT in enzymatic and nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensors are overviewed. This review article covers an 8-year period beginning in 2010.

Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

“…Most biosensors detecting human metabolites rely on enzymes, which enable intrinsic selective sensing of different analytes . Since the loss of enzyme and the decrease in the immobilization stability of the enzyme cause the response signal of the biosensor to decay, it is important for the enzyme‐based sensor to maintain the stability of the enzyme immobilization . A porous PAni hydrogel using phytic acid as a dopant and gelator exhibits enhanced enzyme immobilization stability because excess phosphate groups on phytic acid can react with amino groups on the enzyme .…”

“…99,100 Since the loss of enzyme and the decrease in the immobilization stability of the enzyme cause the response signal of the biosensor to decay, it is important for the enzyme-based sensor to maintain the stability of the enzyme immobilization. 101 A porous PAni hydrogel using phytic acid as a dopant and gelator exhibits enhanced enzyme immobilization stability because excess phosphate groups on phytic acid can react with amino groups on the enzyme. 102 Zhai et al have introduced Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) modified PAni hydrogel heterostructure as a glucose enzyme biosensor.…”

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on the Surface of Graphene Based Nanocomposites: An Introduction and Review to it in Recent Studies

“…Conductive polymers, possessing porous nanostructures, low resistance, high stability, excellent poisoning tolerance along with high accessible surface areas, are advantageous as matrix to improve the stability of metal nanoparticles in fuel cells through dispersing metal nanoparticles and preventing metallic agglomeration. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that conductive polymer-supported Pt catalysts represent strong tolerance to poisoning species arising from their synergistic effect with Pt. [65][66][67] Among various conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PE-DOT) is considered so effective for the incorporation into graphene sheets, arising from not only its high electrical conductivity but also superb stability in comparison with other conductive polymers.…”

Electrochemically Induced Michael Addition Reaction: An Overview

“…Compared to the classical methods for oxidation and reduction of organic compounds, organic electrosynthesis is generally considered as a green chemistry due to the use of electric current instead of redox reagents to provide the opportunity for reducing the overall cast, waste generation and energy consumption of a process. We are interested in applications of electrochemical synthesis and name reaction, in organic chemistry. In this review, we focused on the electrosynthesis as green strategy in MAR as a basic and very important and versatile classic organic reaction.…”