Recent progress in the development of immobilized penicillin G acylase for chemical and industrial applications: A mini‐review

Abstract

Immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) as an important industrial catalyst can catalyze penicillin G potassium (PG) to 6‐aminopenicillanic acid (6‐APA). 6‐APA is an important intermediate for semisynthetic penicillin drugs, which occupies a huge market space in the anti‐inflammatory field; as a result, immobilized PGA occupies a huge market space in the pharmaceutical field. However, at present, there are different degrees of defects in the preparation and production process of immobilized PGAs on the market because of the huge demand; therefore, the performance of immobilized PGA and its productivity will bring huge economic benefits to enterprises. Therefore, research on immobilized PGA has always been a focus. This review first introduces the source, classification, structure, and catalytic mechanism of PGA and then studies the development of immobilization methods, immobilized carriers, reaction media, enzyme activity regeneration, and reactors of immobilized PGA in recent years.

Separation of Phenyl Acetic Acid and 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid Applying Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Based on Copolymers and Salts

“…All phase diagrams were determined at two temperatures (298 and 283 K) and atmospheric pressure through cloud-point titration method described in ref [19]. The experimental data were correlated with Merchuk equation (1). The adjustable parameters (A, B, C) were determined by regression of experimental data.…”

“…Toxic materials such as pyridine, NOCl and PCl5 are used in chemical method which can cause environmental problems. Compare to chemical method, the enzymatic method has several advantages: mild environment, high capacity, low cost and safety [1]. In this method Penicillin G / Penicillin V are hydrolyzed by penicillin acylase to produce 6-APA [4].…”

“…They are widely used in antimicrobial therapy due to their high bacterial activity, low toxicity and good medical efficacy [1]. In order to decelerate the existence of drug-resistance bacteria and ensure the drug influence, now 6aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is used as basic raw material for synthesis of semisynthetic antibiotics [1][2][3][4]. 6-APA was discovered in late 1950s [5].…”

Separation of phenyl acetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid applying aqueous two-phase systems based on copolymers and salts

“…They are widely used in antimicrobial therapy due to their high bacterial activity, low toxicity and good medical efficacy 1 . In order to decelerate the existence of drug-resistance bacteria and ensure the drug influence, now 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is used as basic raw material for synthesis of semisynthetic antibiotics 1 – 4 . 6-APA was discovered in late 1950s 5 .…”

“…Toxic materials such as pyridine, NOCl and PCl 5 are used in chemical method which can cause environmental problems. Compare to chemical method, the enzymatic method has several advantages: mild environment, high capacity, low cost and safety 1 . In this method Penicillin G/Penicillin V are hydrolyzed by penicillin acylase to produce 6-APA 4 .…”