Recent progress in sustainable recycling of LiFePO4-type lithium-ion batteries: Strategies for highly selective lithium recovery

Direct recovery of scrapped LiFePO4 by a green and low-cost electrochemical re-lithiation method

“…However, it also faces challenges of the low economic benefit of recycling LFP and severe energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions with pyrolysis at high temperature. 15,22 In hydrometallurgy technology, the processes mainly involve acid leaching and multi-step chemical precipitation and separation, 23,24 finally obtaining high-value and pure products (such as industrial-grade Li 2 CO 3 ), which can be used as raw materials to synthesize new cathode materials and achieve a reasonable economic return. 25–28 Nevertheless, in order to reach high leaching efficiency of lithium and high purity of the ultimate products, excess acid is employed in the leaching process, resulting in serious secondary pollution.…”

Electric potential-determined redox intermediates for effective recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

“…The synergistic reaction involves two parts, including reducing high valence Mn, Co and Ni into corresponding Mn 2+ , Co 2+ and Ni 2+ , 30,40 and oxidizing LiFePO 4 into FePO 4 . 41,42 NCM622 contains multiple transition metals with different valences. To understand the reduction reaction in the NCM622 cathode, the XPS analysis of its transition metals is given in Fig.…”

Start from the source: direct treatment of a degraded LiFePO4 cathode for efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

“…Therefore, LIBs based on LFP are extensively utilized in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), [7][8][9] and a higher demand for LFP batteries at least up to 2025 is predicted. 10 With this increased application scale, the future scenario of mass scrap of LFP LIBs has to be faced, [11][12][13][14] and it is for sure that their recycling is becoming significantly urgent and necessary.…”