Abstract:Particular attention has been focused on n-channel organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) during the last few years, and the potentially cost-effective circuitry-based applications in flexible electronics, such as flexible radiofrequency identity tags, smart labels, and simple displays, will benefit from this fast development. This article reviews recent progress in performance and molecular design of n-channel semiconductors in the past five years, and limitations and practicable solutions for n-channel OTFTs … Show more
“…[ 88 ] Recently, there have been improvements in both the stability and performance of new n-type organic semiconductors. [ 89 ] The use of both p-and n-channel OFETs with similar mobilities has enabled the fabrication of complementary logic circuits with several advantages including low power consumption and robustness against variation in the transistor parameters. [ 90 ] Both these properties are crucial for low-cost printed and portable applications, and promising results were recently shown with printed complementary inverters on plastics.…”
Paper is ubiquitous in everyday life and a truly low-cost substrate. The use of paper substrates could be extended even further, if electronic applications would be applied next to or below the printed graphics. However, applying electronics on paper is challenging. The paper surface is not only very rough compared to plastics, but is also porous. While this is detrimental for most electronic devices manufactured directly onto paper substrates, there are also approaches that are compatible with the rough and absorptive paper surface. In this review, recent advances and possibilities of these approaches are evaluated and the limitations of paper electronics are discussed.
“…[ 88 ] Recently, there have been improvements in both the stability and performance of new n-type organic semiconductors. [ 89 ] The use of both p-and n-channel OFETs with similar mobilities has enabled the fabrication of complementary logic circuits with several advantages including low power consumption and robustness against variation in the transistor parameters. [ 90 ] Both these properties are crucial for low-cost printed and portable applications, and promising results were recently shown with printed complementary inverters on plastics.…”
Paper is ubiquitous in everyday life and a truly low-cost substrate. The use of paper substrates could be extended even further, if electronic applications would be applied next to or below the printed graphics. However, applying electronics on paper is challenging. The paper surface is not only very rough compared to plastics, but is also porous. While this is detrimental for most electronic devices manufactured directly onto paper substrates, there are also approaches that are compatible with the rough and absorptive paper surface. In this review, recent advances and possibilities of these approaches are evaluated and the limitations of paper electronics are discussed.
“…85 Thus, one can obtain qualitative information about charge injection efficiency through the Φ m -|E HOMO/LUMO | difference. 85,[89][90][91] Calculated E LUMO , EA and λ i (inner reorganization energy) values for the series of tetrazine derivatives are shown in Figure 5 and Table 5. As stated before, the low LUMO energy facilitates a more efficient charge injection 19,20,26,31 and could also help the environmental stability of the material, although there is still no general guideline for predicting the air-stability of n-type organic semiconductors.…”
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“…38,[77][78][79] For this reason, the sole analysis of Φ and E LUMO values cannot provide a quantitative evaluation of the injection barrier but it nevertheless serves as a guide to predict the alignment of levels at the interface and the electron injection barrier, as well as to interpret trends within a set of related compounds. 48,[79][80][81] Figure 6 shows the calculated E LUMO for the set of (ArCC) 2 Tz and their corresponding parent compounds, Ar 2 Tz. This figure also collects reduction potentials recently reported for some aryl-s-tetrazine derivatives (shown in Figure 7) and their E LUMO estimated by using of an empirical equation proposed by De Leeuw et al 82 The introduction of ethynylene bridges produces an increase within 0.3 -0.6 eV in E LUMO with respect to the corresponding parent compounds.…”
We theoretically describe in this work the n-type semiconducting behavior of a set of bis(arylene-ethynylene)-s-tetrazines ((ArCC) 2 Tz), by comparing their electronic properties with those of their parent diaryl-s-tetrazines (Ar 2 Tz) after the introduction of ethynylene bridges. The significantly reduced internal reorganization energy for electron transfer is ascribed to an extended delocalization of the LUMO for (ArCC) 2 Tz as opposite to that for Ar 2 Tz, which was described mostly localized on the s-tetrazine ring. The largest electronic coupling and the corresponding electron transfer rates found 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 for bis(phenyl-ethynylene)-s-tetrazine, as well as for some halogenated derivatives, are comparable to those reported for the best performing n-type organic semiconductors materials such as diimides and perylenes. The theoretical mobilities for the studied compounds turn out to be in the range 0.3 -1.3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , close to values experimentally determined for common n-type organic semiconductors used in real devices. In addition, ohmic contacts can be expected when these compounds are coupled to metallic cathodes such as Na, Ca and Sm. For these reasons, the future application of semiconducting bis(phenyl-ethynylene)-s-tetrazine and its fluorinated and brominated derivatives in optoelectronic devices is envisioned.
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