Recent Progress in Layered Manganese and Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Zn‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy‐storage systems, which are essential for maintaining and distributing energy generated from various sources. In contrast to current commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), AZIBs offer advantages such as, but not limited to, high safety, low cost, and fast kinetics. Zn intercalation material serves as the key element for the suitability of Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) for grid and stationary applications. Different materials are tested as cathode materials for ZIBs, including manganese oxides and vanadium oxides. MnO2‐ and V2O5‐based cathodes, in particular, seem compatible with ZIBs, with the potential to perform better than existing batteries in the market. Due to the fast and facile (de)intercalation‐type storage mechanism of Zn2+ ions, layered electrode materials generally have a more stable structure during battery charge and discharge cycles. Materials with large interlayer spacing are expected to exhibit good electrochemical performance, thereby favoring hydrated and cation‐intercalated materials in the development of AZIBs cathodes. Herein, an overview is provided on the synthesis, morphology, and electrochemical performance of various MnO2‐ and V2O5‐based cathode materials in AZIB, as well as the challenges that must be overcome to reach the commercialization of AZIBs.

Recent Progress in Al‐, K‐, and Zn‐Ion Batteries: Experimental and Theoretical Viewpoints

“…Vanadium‐based composites as cathodes show excellent electrochemical performance in ZIBs. [ 67,68 ] Johnson and coworkers demonstrated a Zn/V 2 O 5 battery in a nonaqueous (0.5 M Zn(TFSI) 2 ) acetonitrile electrolyte. [ 69 ] The cell displayed initial discharge and charge capacity of 196 and 164 mAh g −1 , respectively.…”

A Review of MnO2 Composites Incorporated with Conductive Materials for Energy Storage

“…The increasing shortage and depletion of non‐renewable energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as the greenhouse gases and toxic substances emitted during the extraction process, have seriously damaged the global environment and even endangered human lives and health [1] . In order to alleviate the growing global demand for non‐renewable energy sources, the depletion of fossil fuels, and the environmental problems associated with the combustion of fossil fuels, [2] renewable energy sources are needed for large‐scale power grids and power generation [3] . Thus the pursuit and use of electricity generated from renewable and clean energy sources is an ultimate goal.…”

“…[1] In order to alleviate the growing global demand for non-renewable energy sources, the depletion of fossil fuels, and the environmental problems associated with the combustion of fossil fuels, [2] renewable energy sources are needed for large-scale power grids and power generation. [3] Thus the pursuit and use of electricity generated from renewable and clean energy sources is an ultimate goal. Electric energy storage (EES), as a key part of achieving this goal, does provide a potential approach to improving grid reliability, since renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, tidal, and geothermal energy, are generally intermittent and decentralized in nature.…”

Synthesis, characterisation, and feasibility studies on the use of vanadium tellurate(vi) as a cathode material for aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries

“…[7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, the success of this technology remains a challenge, as AZIBs require high demanding conditions, such as multivalent electrode materials with large interlayer spacing, and robust architectures to withstand the huge stress imparted upon reversible solvated Zn 2+ ion intercalation. 7,9 To date, signicant efforts have been made to develop new manganese and vanadium-based cathode materials, where the latter have demonstrated impressively high capacities ($300 mA h g À1 ), 9,[11][12][13][14][15] superior rate performance and prolonged cycle life, albeit with low operation voltages. In the pursuit of nding alternative vanadium-based electrode systems with improved electrochemical properties in AZIBs, we have investigated the use of (NH 4 ) 4 (VO 2 ) 2 -Te 2 O 8 (OH) 2 $2H 2 O as an electrode material, here abbreviated as VTe, which was rst synthesised hydrothermally at 150 C for 3 days by Hyejin et al more than a decade ago.…”