Recent Progress in High‐voltage Aqueous Zinc‐based Hybrid Redox Flow Batteries

Abstract

The energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs) is generally affected by the standard electrode potential and the solubility of the redox active species. These crucial factors are closely related to the solvent in which the active materials are dissolved. Aqueous RFBs have been widely studied due to their excellent reaction kinetics and high solubility of the redox couple in aqueous media. However, the low voltage of conventional aqueous RFBs has hindered them from being candidates for practical applications. Recently, high‐voltage aqueous RFBs are implemented based on the low negative potential of the Zn/[Zn(OH)4]2− reaction in an alkaline solution. Here, we review recent progress in the design of high energy density RFBs in both aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes, notably focusing on the Zn/MnO2 hybrid RFBs in detail. Furthermore, strategies for inhibiting zinc dendritic growth and stabilizing manganese redox couple in the RFBs system are discussed.

Beyond conventional batteries: a review on semi-solid and redox targeting flow batteries-LiFePO4 as a case study

“…114 However, for the lithium-based hybrid flow batteries, the most developed systems are the lithium-iodide battery with an energy density of 550 W h L −1 (300 W h kg −1 ), and the lithium-polysulfide battery with an energy density which could be up to 108 W h L −1 (97 W h kg −1 ), with 5.0 M polysulfide electrolyte. 114–120…”