Recent Progress in High‐Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries: The Emerging Strategies for Advanced Separators/Electrolytes Based on Nanomaterials and Corresponding Interfaces

Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (LiÀ S) batteries, possessing excellent theoretical capacities, low cost and nontoxicity, are one of the most promising energy storage battery systems. However, poor conductivity of elemental S and the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides hinder the commercialization of LiÀ S batteries. These problems are closely related to the interface problems between the cathodes, separators/electrolytes and anodes. The review focuses on interface issues for advanced separators/electrolytes based on nanomaterials in LiÀ S batteries. In the liquid electrolyte systems, electrolytes/separators and electrodes system can be decorated by nano materials coating for separators and electrospinning nanofiber separators. And, interface of anodes and electrolytes/ separators can be modified by nano surface coating, nano composite metal lithium and lithium nano alloy, while the interface between cathodes and electrolytes/separators is designed by nano metal sulfide, nanocarbon-based and other nano materials. In all solid-state electrolyte systems, the focus is to increase the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes and reduce the resistance in the cathode/polymer electrolyte and Li/electrolyte interfaces through using nanomaterials. The basic mechanism of these interface problems and the corresponding electrochemical performance are discussed. Based on the most critical factors of the interfaces, we provide some insights on nanomaterials in high-performance liquid or state LiÀ S batteries in the future.

Advanced Chalcogen Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Varishetty Madhu Mohan 1 *, Madhavi Jonnalagadda 2 and VishnuBhotla Prasad 2 1 Rajiv Gandhi University of knowledge Technologies, Kadapa, AP, India 2 Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India *Address all correspondence to: madhuv1111@gmail.com; vmm@rguktong.ac.in and high rate performance (415 mA h g −1 at 2 A g −1 ) due to well-designed structure as well as optimized chemical composition with in carbonate-based electrolyte. Synthesized a nanoporous Co and N-co-doped carbon nanoreactor (C-Co-N) provide a high Te loading (77.2 wt%) provide ultrahigh capacity of 2615.2 mA h cm −3 and superior rate performance of 894.8 mA h cm −3 at 20C.…”

“…Recently, much attention has been focused on the development of more safe, highenergy density, long-life, and low-cost batteries to satisfy our energy demand as our daily life includes electric vehicles, portable electronics, and large-scale grids [1][2][3][4]. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) successfully prepared and available in the commercial market since the 1990s, even though their theoretical specific capacity, energy density of the electrode material is relatively low.…”

“…Therefore, to improve the redox reaction, it is necessary to make strong bond of S to the host, thereby continuing to conduct mixed charge carriers (Li + and e − ). There is another difficulty that the degradation of active materials between the electrodes due to shuttle process, in which cathode electrolyte interfaces bring rapid decay of the capacity, thereby reducing the coulomb efficiency of Li-S batteries [2]. The formation of lithium dendrites on the surface of lithium anode and also unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) leads to low columbic efficiency (CE) and poor cyclic performance [9].…”

Tailoring Electrolyte Distributions to Enable High‐performance Li3PS4‐based All‐solid‐state Batteries under Different Operating Temperatures

“…All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their numerous advantages, such as high energy density, long cycle life, and improved safety. [1][2][3][4][5] ASSLBs use a solid-state electrolyte (SSE), which eliminates the flammability and leakage issues associated with liquid electrolytes. [6][7][8] The SSE is a crucial component of ASSLBs, and various types of SSEs have been proposed, including oxide-based, [9][10] sulfide-based, [11][12] halidebased, [13][14] and polymer-based SSEs.…”

Emerging Strategies for Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Improved Dual‐Electrode Side Regulation Mechanisms for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

“…S 8 on the cathode side gains electrons and undergoes a ring opening reaction and is gradually reduced to lithium polysulfide Li 2 S x (x=8, 6, 4) [3] . The first discharge plateau is obtained at 2.4–2.1 V. Further reactions followed to produce Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S, and a second discharge plateau is obtained at 2.1–1.8 V. While during the charging process, Li + returns to the anode, Li 2 S and Li 2 S 2 are converted to lithium polysulfide eventually forming a ring S 8 , and the charging plateau is obtained around 2.5–2.4 V [4] . However, due to the specificity of the reaction mechanism of Li−S batteries, there are unique problems (Figure 1).…”