Recent Progress in Ferrocene-Modified Thin Films and Nanoparticles for Biosensors

Abstract

This article reviews recent progress in the development of ferrocene (Fc)-modified thin films and nanoparticles in relation to their biosensor applications. Redox-active materials in enzyme biosensors commonly use Fc derivatives, which mediate electron transfer between the electrode and enzyme active site. Either voltammetric or amperometric signals originating from redox reactions of Fc are detected or modulated by the binding of analytes on the electrode. Fc-modified thin films have been prepared by a variety of protocols, including in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition, host-guest complexation and molecular recognitions. In situ polymerization provides a facile way to form Fc thin films, because the Fc polymers are directly deposited onto the electrode surface. LbL deposition, which can modulate the film thickness and Fc content, is suitable for preparing well-organized thin films. Other techniques, such as host-guest complexation and protein-based molecular recognition, are useful for preparing Fc thin films. Fc-modified Au nanoparticles have been widely used as redox-active materials to fabricate electrochemical biosensors. Fc derivatives are often attached to Au nanoparticles through a thiol-Au linkage. Nanoparticles consisting of inorganic porous materials, such as zeolites and iron oxide, and nanoparticle-based composite materials have also been used to prepare Fc-modified nanoparticles. To construct biosensors, Fc-modified nanoparticles are immobilized on the electrode surface together with enzymes.

Release of Insulin from Calcium Carbonate Microspheres with and without Layer-by-Layer Thin Coatings

“…Organic and inorganic nano-and micro-particles have been extensively studied for the development of catalysts, biosensors, reagents for imaging, and drug delivery systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. CaCO 3 microspheres are widely used owing to their facile preparation, biocompatibility, and low cost [9][10][11].…”

Group 11 Metal Complexes with Unsymmetrical Bifunctional Ferrocene Ligands

“…These functionalized ferrocene derivatives and their metal complexes represent an important topic of research in many fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis, asymmetric catalysis, materials chemistry, and in medicine as antimalarial or antitumor agents. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In particular, ferrocenyl phosphines have been studied thoroughly, as represented by the well-known 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf ). [1] Some of us have described the formation of several amidephosphines containing ferrocene units, studied their coordination chemistry, [17,18] and also showed that some gold and silver complexes are active as antitumor agents.…”

Tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide and 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane mediated controlled synthesis of Pd, Pd-Au, Au-Pd nanoparticles: Role of Palladium nanoparticles on the redox electrochemistry of ferrocene monocarboxylic acid

“…The use of nanomaterials and electron transfer relays in realizing the electron exchange from biological redox centre has been an active area of research having potentiality for the evolution of commercial biocompatible technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Extensive reports on the use of ferrocene and its derivatives as electron transfer mediator are documented during last three decades, justifying the commercial design of electrochemical biosensors [4][5][6][7].…”