Recent progress in applications of in-fibre Bragg grating sensors

Rao, Yu

doi:10.1016/s0143-8166(99)00025-1

Cited by 455 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…Since the early 1990s, fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ sensors have been intensively developed due to their many desirable advantages such as the small size, absolute measurement capability, immunity to electromagnetic interference, wavelength multiplexing, and distributed sensing possibilities. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus far, the FBG sensors' capability to measure physical quantities such as the temperature, strain, pressure, etc., has been studied extensively. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the use of FBG sensors for detection of environmental refractive index change has not been fully explored.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Thus far, the FBG sensors' capability to measure physical quantities such as the temperature, strain, pressure, etc., has been studied extensively. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the use of FBG sensors for detection of environmental refractive index change has not been fully explored. Refractive index sensing is important for biological and chemical applications since a number of substances can be detected through measurements of the refractive index.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,3,16,17 Compared to a single FBG, the FFPI sensors possess narrower resonance peaks and are more desirable for high accuracy wavelength measurement. 2,3,9,18 To that end we propose and demonstrate an etch-eroded FFPI sensor formed by two FBGs. The FFPI sensor is used to measure the refractive index of isopropyl alcohol ͑IPA͒ solutions of different concentrations, exhibiting the capability of detecting very small index variations of the ambient medium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refractive index sensing is important for biological and chemical applications since a number of substances can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] For normal FBGs, removal of the fiber cladding is required to increase the evanescent field interaction with the surrounding environment. This concept has been demonstrated using D-shaped fiber and sidepolished fiber.…”

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Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Liang

Huang

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

580

266

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We combine fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ technology with a wet chemical etch-erosion procedure and demonstrate two types of refractive index sensors using single-mode optical fibers. The first index sensor device is an etch-eroded single FBG with a radius of 3 m, which is used to measure the indices of four different liquids. The second index sensor device is an etch-eroded fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer ͑FFPI͒ with a radius of ϳ1.5 m and is used to measure the refractive indices of isopropyl alcohol solutions of different concentrations. Due to its narrower resonance spectral feature, the FFPI sensor has a higher sensitivity than the FBG sensor and can detect an index variation of 1.4ϫ 10 −5 . Since we can measure the reflection signal, these two types of sensors can be fabricated at the end of a fiber and used as point sensors. Since the early 1990s, fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ sensors have been intensively developed due to their many desirable advantages such as the small size, absolute measurement capability, immunity to electromagnetic interference, wavelength multiplexing, and distributed sensing possibilities. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus far, the FBG sensors' capability to measure physical quantities such as the temperature, strain, pressure, etc., has been studied extensively. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the use of FBG sensors for detection of environmental refractive index change has not been fully explored. Refractive index sensing is important for biological and chemical applications since a number of substances can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] For normal FBGs, removal of the fiber cladding is required to increase the evanescent field interaction with the surrounding environment. This concept has been demonstrated using D-shaped fiber and sidepolished fiber. 9,11,12 In both cases, the strength and durability of the sensor were greatly reduced. Special fiber was also needed, which would raise the costs and limit the possible applications. Long-period fiber gratings have also been demonstrated to have high sensitivity to the refractive index of the ambient media, 2,3,13-15 however, their multiple resonance peaks and broad ͑typically tens of nanometers͒ transmission resonance features limit the measurement accuracy and their multiplexing capabilities. 9 In addition, the relatively long length of the grating limits their application as point sensor devices.In this letter, we first demonstrate a single etch-eroded FBG sensor using standard single-mode telecommunication fiber ͑Corning SMF-28͒. Fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometers ͑FFPIs͒ have also been widely used as sensors. 2,3,16,17 Compared to a single FBG, the FFPI sensors possess narrower resonance peaks and are more desirable for high accuracy wavelength measurement. 2,3,9,18 To that end we propose and demonstrate an etch-eroded FFPI sensor formed by two FBGs. The FFPI sensor is used to measure the refractive index of isopropyl alcohol ͑IPA͒ solutions of different concentrations, exhibiting the capabi...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Liang

Huang

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

580

266

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“…While the failure criteria are very well defined for traditional materials such as metals, the failure criteria are much more complicated for composite materials [1]. Hence real time structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for composite material structures In this aspect, there has been a recent interest in SHM of composites using fiber optics [2,3], acoustic emission [4,5], ultrasonic [6,7], x-ray radiography [6] and eddy current [8,9] methods. Fiber optic sensors suffer from the weakness of being highly invasive difficult to integrate during composites manufacturing process, and require expensive and complicated instrumentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Time Domain Reflectometry Sensors for Non-Invasive Structural Health Monitoring of Glass Fiber Composites

Pandey¹,

Thostenson

Heider³

2013

PIER

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Abstract-Time domain reflectometry (TDR) offers the advantage of distributed sensing using a single transmission line sensor. In the present study, a parallel plate type non-invasive TDR sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM) of composites has been designed, modeled and experimentally tested. Five layer unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy composite specimens are fabricated. Specimens included a damage initiator in form of a cut in the central ply. The TDR sensor detects sub-surface damage in the composite non-invasively as the effective dielectric constant of the composite decreases due to the presence of delamination cracks. Previous work done on dielectrostriction is used to model the TDR response to strain changes. Qualitative agreement between theory and experimental results for strain sensing are found.

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Cure and Health Monitoring

Fukuda

Kosaka

2002

Encyclopedia of Smart Materials

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The smart monitoring system has evolved due to advances in sensors, sensing methods, and communication technologies. The sensing function involves sensors, signal sources, and signal detectors. Measured data are analyzed by a signal processor using an appropriate analytical approach. The analyzed results are reported to operators or observers. In the old days, human beings performed these functions. Today, they are replaced by sensor devices, computers, and communication networks. For example, a fire alarm system consists of a temperature sensor, a microcomputer, and an alarm. Furthermore, the recent development in sensors and computers make these devices so small and light that they can be integrated into structures. An integrated monitoring system makes the materials and structures “smart”, and then it can be called a “smart” monitoring system. The smart monitoring system has mainly two practical, commercial targets. One is “manufacturing process monitoring” and another is “health monitoring.” The former is a technique for monitoring the state of materials in the manufacturing process. Monitoring of the molding process for thermosetting polymers, called “cure monitoring,” has been especially focused on polymer matrix composites (PMCs). In manufacturing process monitoring, the chemical and physical state of materials and the integrity of products are monitored. The collected data can also be used for optimal control of the forming process to improve efficiency. Monitoring the integrity of the product makes it unnecessary to inspect after manufacture. Then, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by introducing this technique. Health monitoring, on the other hand is a technique for monitoring the condition of materials and structures in operation. In the last decade, health monitoring has become a hot issue especially in aerospace and civil structures. These structures suffer from mechanical and thermal fatigue, long exposure time, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. Thus, periodic inspections are required to maintain the safety of these structures adequately. However, the inspection cost of large structures is very high, and operation must be interrupted during the inspection. Therefore, real‐time health monitoring promises to reduce maintenance costs and to improve reliability. By combining these two monitoring techniques, it is possible to monitor the state of materials and structures from their beginnings to their ends. This means that the quality of products can be ensured continuously at low cost. Therefore, the idea is a very attractive solution for reducing the total cost of ownership, including the price, maintenance, and operating cost. Details on these tapes are given.

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Recent progress in applications of in-fibre Bragg grating sensors

Cited by 455 publications

References 47 publications

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Electric Time Domain Reflectometry Sensors for Non-Invasive Structural Health Monitoring of Glass Fiber Composites

Cure and Health Monitoring

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