Recognizing the emergency of the global climate issue, the current fossil fuel‐based economic structure with massive carbon emission is urgent to be transformed. Catalytic conversion of CO
x
, as an emerging alternative technology to produce advanced chemicals and fuels, has received enormous attention. Particularly, photothermal CO
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conversion, combining the advantages of high efficiency and low pollution, has shown the potential for the production of solar fuels and chemicals, and the progress of this field is accelerating. This review summarizes the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis as well as the state‐of‐the‐art advances of the photothermocatalytic CO
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conversion in the three main parts that involve CO
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hydrogenation, water–gas shift reaction, and CO2 reforming of CH4. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives are also briefly discussed, which proposes guidance for future investigation of photothermal C1 conversion and anthropogenic carbon cycle.