Recent Insights into Rate Performance Limitations of Li‐ion Batteries

Heubner, Christian; Nikolowski, Kristian; Reuber, Sebastian; Schneider, Michael; Wolter, Mareike; Michaelis, Alexander

doi:10.1002/batt.202000227

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Figure 4 a displays the diffusion processes of a K atom in the interlayer channels of K 4 PM, where the highest diffusion energy barrier of K atom in K 4 PM is only 0.322 eV (Figure 4 b), which manifests that the K 4 PM delivers a small diffusion resistance of K + ions [32] due to the expanded interlayer distance (Figure 1 e) than traditional graphite materials, in line with the EIS results (Figure S5) and contributing to the good rate performance (Figure 2 e). [33] Subsequently, the electronic properties of K 4 PM were investigated by evaluating the variations of total density of states associated with K‐atom intercalation into K 4 PM. As demonstrated in Figure 4 c, the pristine K 4 PM possesses typical organic semiconductor properties with large band gaps.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Lamellar Tetrapotassium Pyromellitic Organic for Robust High‐Capacity Potassium Storage

et al. 2021

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Redox‐active organics are investigation hotspots for metal ion storage due to their structural diversity and redox reversibility. However, they are plagued by limited storage capacity, sluggish ion diffusion kinetics, and weak structural stability, especially for K+ ion storage. Herein, we firstly reported the lamellar tetrapotassium pyromellitic (K4PM) with four active sites and large interlayer distance for K+ ion storage based on a design strategy, where organics are constructed with the small molecular mass, multiple active sites, fast ion diffusion channels, and rigid conjugated π bonds. The K4PM electrode delivers a high capacity up to 292 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, among the best reported organics for K+ ion storage. Especially, it achieves an excellent rate capacity and long‐term cycling stability with a capacity retention of ≈83 % after 1000 cycles. Incorporating in situ and ex‐situ techniques, the K+ ion storage mechanism is revealed, where conjugated carboxyls are reversibly rearranged into enolates to stably store K+ ions. This work sheds light on the rational design and optimization of organic electrodes for efficient metal ion storage.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Lamellar Tetrapotassium Pyromellitic Organic for Robust High‐Capacity Potassium Storage

et al. 2021

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“…[ 48 ] According to magnetic anisotropy of materials, it can be divided into two kinds of fabrication means for 3D electrode. [ 7,46–48,53,75,90 ] One is the electrode materials with magnetic property can be arranged in the magnetic field direction. The other is the sacrificial magnetic phase, like magnetic microrods and droplets, aligning in an applied field direction.…”

Section: Architectural Models Of 3d Carbon‐based Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies of 3D Carbon‐Based Electrodes for Charge/Ion Transport in Lithium Ion Battery and Sodium Ion Battery

Zhang

Ran

2021

Adv Funct Materials

111

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Advanced 3D carbon‐based electrodes have the potential to significantly enhance the energy‐power density of lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries, due to their continuous conductive networks, proper porosity distribution, and integrated stable structure. However, it still remains a fundamental scientific challenge to accurately understand the charge/ion transport in 3D carbon‐based electrodes. In this review, the operating mechanism of charge/ion transport in 3D carbon‐based electrodes are comprehended by introducing a useful architectural analogy to provide a physical insight. In order to better understand the relationship between 3D carbon‐based electrode structure and electrode process characteristics, the main design strategies of 3D carbonbased electrodes according to the specific characteristic of pore tortuosity is proposed. Through analysis of 3D carbon electrode architectural models, several key scientific issues and related characterization technologies that are beneficial to improving the charge/ion transport efficiency are also raised. The kinetics difference of ionic transport between Li+ and Na+ ions is also taken into account. Furthermore, the critical parameters of porous structure including porosity and tortuosity to investigate the parameter‐structure‐performance relationships of 3D carbon‐based architecture electrodes are highlighted, which in turn would guide more rational battery design in tradeoff between the high capacity and fast transport.

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“…[21] This facilitates fabrication and reduces rate limitations due to electrolyte diffusion. [16,22] Figure 2a (middle) shows the intrinsic rate limit of NCM622graphite based Li-ion batteries estimated from the diffusion limited C-rate. [23] The lower the electrode thickness, the higher the rate capability of the cell.…”

Section: Battery Performance At Materials and Cell Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Active Materials to Battery Cells: A Straightforward Tool to Determine Performance Metrics and Support Developments at an Application‐Relevant Level

Heubner

Voigt

Marcinkowski

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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batteries are currently the most powerful energy storage technology, particularly for powering mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. [1][2][3] Improved Li-ion batteries and alternatives, such as Li-metal batteries, [4] Li-S batteries, [5] and solid-state batteries, [6] have the potential to effectively address current civilization challenges such as global warming, environmental pollution, and depletion of fossil fuel resources, paving the way to a sustainable future. To this end, academia and industry around the world are conducting intensive research into various ways to improve existing batteries or bring novel concepts into application. The development of advanced materials and electrodes is one of the most important steps in this process. [7][8][9][10] On a daily basis, reports of improved active materials or electrode architectures that significantly outperform established batteries are published in the scientific literature. However, the transfer of these innovations into practical application is rather rare. This may be due to difficulties in scaling the corresponding production routes to an industrially relevant level. Another possible reason is that promising performance metrics at the material level are not achieved in practical batteries, due to the different definition of performance parameters at the different technological levels, i.e., material, electrode, cell, system, etc.Various renowned scientists have already addressed these shortcomings in the presentation of performance data of new battery materials and electrodes in scientific literature [6,[11][12][13][14][15] and explicitly alert that extraordinary power claims for components used in batteries often do not hold up at the device level. These authors emphasize that reporting energy and power densities per weight of active material or electrode alone does not provide a realistic picture of the performance that an assembled device could achieve because it does not consider the weight of other necessary components. For example, it is well known that the rate capability scales with the electrode thickness. [16][17][18] Very thin electrodes (<20 µm) can be charged in a few minutes whereas thick electrodes (>100 µm) need several hours to achieve full capacity. When considering the specific capacity obtained at high rates in terms of mAh g -1 with respect to the mass of active material, the thin electrodes clearly outperform the thick ones. However, considering the power density Large-scale electrochemical energy storage is considered one of the crucial steps toward a sustainable energy economy. Science and industry worldwide are conducting intensive research into various ways to improve existing battery concepts or transferring novel concepts to application. The development of materials and electrodes is an essential step in this process. However, the evaluation of the achieved performance parameters and the comparison of the different studies at this technological level with regard to practical applications is challenging, since spec...

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Recent Insights into Rate Performance Limitations of Li‐ion Batteries

Cited by 62 publications

References 133 publications

Novel Lamellar Tetrapotassium Pyromellitic Organic for Robust High‐Capacity Potassium Storage

Novel Lamellar Tetrapotassium Pyromellitic Organic for Robust High‐Capacity Potassium Storage

Design Strategies of 3D Carbon‐Based Electrodes for Charge/Ion Transport in Lithium Ion Battery and Sodium Ion Battery

From Active Materials to Battery Cells: A Straightforward Tool to Determine Performance Metrics and Support Developments at an Application‐Relevant Level

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