Recent explosive eruptions and volcano hazards at Soputan volcano—a basalt stratovolcano in north Sulawesi, Indonesia

Kushendratno,; Pallister, John S.; Kristianto,; Bina, F. Ruskanda; McCausland, Wendy; Carn, S. A.; Haerani, Nia; Griswold, Julia P.; Keeler, R.

doi:10.1007/s00445-012-0620-2

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although an order of magnitude smaller than other recent tropical eruptions such as Soufrière Hills in May 2006 [ Prata et al , ] and Tavurvur (Rabaul, Papua New Guinea) in October 2006, which significantly perturbed tropical SAOD in 2006–2007 [ Vernier et al , ], eruptions similar to Paluweh may maintain SAODs at levels above the true “nonvolcanic” background and contribute to observed SAOD trends. We note that Soputan volcano (northern Sulawesi, Indonesia) also frequently injects SO 2 into the tropical UTLS [ Kushendratno et al , ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO₂ emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Carn

Yang

Prata

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Uninterrupted, global space-based monitoring of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions is critical for climate modeling and aviation hazard mitigation. We report the first volcanic SO 2 measurements using ultraviolet (UV) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) nadir mapper data. OMPS was launched on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011. We demonstrate the sensitivity of OMPS SO 2 measurements by quantifying SO 2 emissions from the modest eruption of Paluweh volcano (Indonesia) in February 2013 and tracking the dispersion of the volcanic SO 2 cloud. The OMPS SO 2 retrievals are validated using Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder measurements. The results confirm the ability of OMPS to extend the long-term record of volcanic SO 2 emissions based on UV satellite observations. We also show that the Paluweh volcanic SO 2 reached the lower stratosphere, further demonstrating the impact of small tropical volcanic eruptions on stratospheric aerosol optical depth and climate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO₂ emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Carn

Yang

Prata

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Second boiling of already-resident magma might explain the lack of longer-term precursors to the 1980 eruption, given that reservoir pressurization would have been gradual and might have spanned centuries, but what explains the lack of deeper-seated precursors? Aseismic or near aseismic ascent of magma from great depth has been documented at several arc volcanoes, including Soputan, Indonesia (Kushendratno et al, 2012); Pinatubo, Republic of the Philippines; Volcán de Colima, Mexico (White and McCausland, 2018); and also at Hekla, Iceland (Einarsson, 2018). So it is plausible that Mount St. Helens' 1980 eruption was triggered by magma injection to its upper crustal reservoir in the absence of detectable deep seismicity.…”

Section: Was the 1980 Eruption Triggered By An Injection Of Magma Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mount St. Helens Retrospective: Lessons Learned Since 1980 and Remaining Challenges

Dzurisin

2018

Front. Earth Sci.

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Since awakening from a 123-year repose in 1980, Mount St. Helens has provided an opportunity to study changes in crustal magma storage at an active arc volcano-a process of fundamental importance to eruption forecasting and hazards mitigation. There has been considerable progress, but important questions remain unanswered. Was the 1980 eruption triggered by an injection of magma into an upper crustal reservoir? If so, when? How did magma rise into the edifice without producing detectable seismicity deeper than ∼2.5 km or measurable surface deformation beyond the volcano's north flank? Would precursory activity have been recognized earlier if current monitoring techniques had been available? Despite substantial improvements in monitoring capability, similar questions remain after the dome-forming eruption of 2004-2008. Did additional magma accumulate in the reservoir between the end of the 1980-1986 eruption and the start of the 2004-2008 eruption? If so, when? What is the significance of a relative lull in seismicity and surface deformation for several years prior to the 2004-2008 eruption onset? How did magma reach the surface without producing seismicity deeper than ∼2 km or measurable deformation more than a few hundred meters from the vent? Has the reservoir been replenished since the eruption ended, and is it now primed for the next eruption? What additional precursors, if any, should be expected? This paper addresses these questions, explores possible answers, and identifies unresolved issues in need of additional study. The 1980-1986 and 2004-2008 eruptions could have resulted from second boiling during crystallization of magma long-resident in an upper crustal reservoir, rather than from injection of fresh magma from below. If reservoir pressurization and magma ascent were slow enough, resulting strain might have been accommodated by viscoelastic deformation, without appreciable seismicity or surface deformation, until rising magma entered a brittle regime within 2-2.5 km of the surface. Given the remarkably gas-poor nature of the 2004-2008 dome lava, future eruptive activity might require a relatively long period of quiescence and reservoir pressurization or a large injection of fresh magma-an event that arguably has not occurred since the Kalama eruptive period (C.E. 1479-1720).

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“…OMI data have subsequently been used to investigate or monitor volcanoes in most volcanic regions of the globe, including east Africa (e.g., Sawyer et al, 2008;Ferguson et al, 2010;Goitom et al, 2015), Indonesia (Surono et al, 2012;Kushendratno et al, 2012), Papua New Guinea , Vanuatu (Bani et al, 2009a(Bani et al, , b, 2012, Central America (Campion et al, 2012), the West Indies (Carn and Prata, 2010;Flower and Carn, 2015), Ecuador , Chile , Russia (Telling et al, 2015), Alaska, US (Lopez et al, 2013), and Iceland (Sigmarsson et al, 2013;Schmidt et al, 2015). Satellite measurements of elevated SO 2 emissions (including from OMI) were decisive in providing advance warning of a major eruption at Merapi (Indonesia) in 2010, permitting evacuation of the flanks of the volcano and saving many lives (Surono et al, 2012).…”

Section: Volcanic Monitoring With Omimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space

et al. 2018

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Abstract. This overview paper highlights the successes of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura satellite spanning a period of nearly 14 years. Data from OMI has been used in a wide range of applications and research resulting in many new findings. Due to its unprecedented spatial resolution, in combination with daily global coverage, OMI plays a unique role in measuring trace gases important for the ozone layer, air quality, and climate change. With the operational very fast delivery (VFD; direct readout) and near real-time (NRT) availability of the data, OMI also plays an important role in the development of operational services in the atmospheric chemistry domain.

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Recent explosive eruptions and volcano hazards at Soputan volcano—a basalt stratovolcano in north Sulawesi, Indonesia

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO₂ emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO₂ emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Mount St. Helens Retrospective: Lessons Learned Since 1980 and Remaining Challenges

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space

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Recent explosive eruptions and volcano hazards at Soputan volcano—a basalt stratovolcano in north Sulawesi, Indonesia

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO2 emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO2 emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Mount St. Helens Retrospective: Lessons Learned Since 1980 and Remaining Challenges

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO₂ emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper

Extending the long‐term record of volcanic SO₂ emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper