Recent Dispersion Technology Using Liquid Crystal

Abstract

Lyotropic liquid crystals have prospective potentials for several industrial applications and also being a key technology in terms of the quality assurance of a product, drug carrier, as well as interpretation of biological phenomena. This chapter will provide the recent topics on several applications of liquid crystals in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields and review how to generate the lyotropic liquid crystals in the amphiphilic material system on the basis of the phase behavior and why the liquid crystal structure can impact the respective application.

Lipid Dependence of Xanthophyll Cycling in Higher Plants and Algae

“…Types of aggregates, as well as types of phases created by the lipids, are determined both by geometry of the lipid molecule and several physicochemical parameters of its surroundings. The chemical geometry of the lipid molecule is described by the critical packing parameter (CPP) which denotes the ratio of the maximum volume, which can be occupied by the FA residues (V), and the product of the length of these residues (l) and the cross-sectional area of the hydrophilic lipid headgroups (a) ( Table 1; Yamashita, 2018). The relatively small polar headgroup of the MGDG molecule, accompanied by the large area occupied by the expanded PUFA tails, results in a cone-like geometry of the molecule.…”

“…Thus, MGDG and the H II -phases created by MGDG are not only important for chlorophyll biosynthesis during chloroplast development (Jarvis et al, 2000), but also play significant role in the proper functioning of the photosynthetic machinery in V, volume, which can be occupied by the FA residues; l, length of the FA residues; a, the cross-sectional area of the hydrophilic lipid headgroups. For further detail see Yamashita (2018).…”