Recent developments of shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) and Penaeus merguiensis (de Man), culture in East Java

Abstract

Shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) and Penaeus merguiensis (de Man), culture on East Java is described with special attention to the differences in production characteristics between areas and districts. Traditionally, tambak culture developed along the North coast of East Java where the majority of modern tambaks are still located. The practice never developed extensively on Madura's Island. With the exception of the latter, intensification, startingin 1984‐1987, touched all areas. In 1991, the combined production of P monodon and P. merguiensis reached 35 000 Mt, representing a value of US$ 220 × 106. The following year, a decline in total production was noted, mainly caused by a diminished production of intensive farms. Possible causes for this production drop are explored.

The impact of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, postlarvae stocking density on production in traditional tambak systems in East Java, Indonesia

“…1), respectively. Reported yields from traditional, extensively managed tambak ponds in East Java were on average 150 kg ha -1 per crop (Hariati et al 1995), which is half the 300 kg ha -1 per crop obtained in the present study at a stocking density of 4.5 individuals m -2 . Reference to traditional tambak management is difficult because most farmers operating traditional ponds rely on tidal water movements for PL to enter their ponds, whether or not these are supplemented with PL caught in estuaries or channels next to the farm.…”

“…In spite of this infection, the production obtained was double the average production reached in extensively managed tambak systems in East Java. MBV is probably endemic in coastal waters of East Java (Hariati et al 1995). It remains to be proven whether stocking MBV-free PL would yield a higher production in the same production environment.…”

“…If tidal waters are the principal nutrient source, large areas of traditional ponds can help to neutralize high organic loads discharged from intensive farms. The ponds used in the present experiment were located in an area with numerous intensive farms (Hariati et al 1995).…”

“…Whereas intensive shrimp-farming systems in Asia and Latin America are well documented (Sindermann & Lightner 1988), and the subject of numerous research projects, studies on extensive culture practices are rare, and little or no effort is put into improving their management. This is in spite of the fact that 50% of shrimp production in East Java is produced extensively, providing labour and income to more than 7000 households (Hariati et al 1995).…”

“…In East Java, Indonesia, 45 000 ha of tambak exist, the majority being exploited extensively (Hariati, Wiadnya, Prajitno, Sukkel, Boon & Verdegem 1995). The tambak system of intertidal brackish water ponds is centuries old (Schuster 1952), and is used for both finfish and shrimps.…”