Recent developments in the use of organic–inorganic nanohybrids for drug delivery

Abstract

Organic–inorganic nanohybrid (OINH) structures providing a versatile platform for drug delivery with improved characteristics are an area which has gained recent attention. Much effort has been taken to develop these structures to provide a viable treatment options for much alarming diseases such as cancer, bone destruction, neurological disorders, and so on. This review focuses on current work carried out in producing different types of hybrid drug carriers identifying their properties, fabrication techniques, and areas where they have been applied. A brief introduction on understating the requirement for blending organic–inorganic components into a nanohybrid drug carrier is followed with an elaboration given about the different types of OINHs developed currently highlighting their properties and applications. Then, different fabrication techniques are discussed given attention to surface functionalization, one‐pot synthesis, wrapping, and electrospinning methods. Finally, it is concluded by briefing the challenges that are remaining to be addressed to obtain multipurpose nanohybrid drug carriers with wider applicability. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

A Perspective on Modelling Metallic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine: From Monometals to Nanoalloys and Ligand-Protected Particles

“…Several decades later, the first drug delivery systems were developed, containing active medical substances attached to the surface of a carrier or encapsulated within the carrier which possesses specific cell affinity contained within molecular vectors and would disintegrate and release the capsulated drug upon contact with diseased cells [155][156][157]. Organic nanosystems (liposomes, micelles, polymer NPs) [158][159][160] together with carbon nanotubes and fullerene NPs [161][162][163] are the most often employed drug carriers, while different hormones, enzymes, peptides, antibodies, and viruses often serve as molecular vectors [164][165][166][167]. Thus far, the available carriers and capsules for targeted drug delivery have each shown several disadvantages, from limited chemical and mechanical stability of organic NPs, over the questionable toxicity of carbon-based systems, to the general susceptibility to microbiological attack, lack of control over the carrier movement and the rate of drug release, and, finally, high cost [168][169][170][171].…”

Magnetic transfection with superparamagnetic chitosan-loaded IGFBP5nanoparticles and theirin vitrobiosafety

“…Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONPs) can act as a reagent with both active and passive targeting effects and can concentrate the carried drugs in the target tissue under the effect of an external magnetic field. Because of their advantages, such as biocompatibility, stability, environmental safety and low price, SPIONPs are widely used in biomedicine, including for targeted drug delivery [18][19][20][21], bioimaging, thermotherapy, photoablation therapy, biosensing and thermal olfaction [22][23][24][25]. At present, there are many studies to modify the surface of SPIONPs so that its surface is distributed in different groups, such as polymers, biomolecules, silica and metals which can provide the ensemble functional reactive group, e.g.…”

Effect of polyethylene glycol and nano clay on swelling, diffusion, network parameters and drug release behavior of interpenetrating network copolymer

“…Superabsorbent polymer hydrogels based on montmorillonite clay and sodium alginate/polyacrylic acid/polyvinylpyrolidone was reported to show high water swelling capacity 20 . The NaMMT clay and clay‐filled polymer were also reported to significantly improve adsorption and sustained release of different drug molecules 21,22 . However, so far there is no report on synthesis of a composite gel by integrating PEG, acrylic copolymer and NaMMT clay for adsorption and sustained release of a drug.…”

“…20 The NaMMT clay and clayfilled polymer were also reported to significantly improve adsorption and sustained release of different drug molecules. 21,22 However, so far there is no report on synthesis of a composite gel by integrating PEG, acrylic copolymer and NaMMT clay for adsorption and sustained release of a drug. Instead of conventional blending these novel hydrogels were prepared by an in-situ incorporation of PEG and the nano sized NaMMT clay into the gel network during crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and MBA in water since in situ incorporation provides better polymer-polymer or polymer-filler compatibility than blending or grafting.…”