Recent developments in the immunology and biology of<i>Malassezia</i>species

Ashbee, H. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00057.x

Cited by 70 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…They are found in almost all over the body with varied density depending on age, body site, geographic area, and the presence of normal or diseased skin. 6 The highest density is found in the seborrhoic areas, namely the scalp, face, chest and upper trunk, whereas the lowest density is found on the hands. 7 The pathogenesis of Malassezia sp in seborrheic dermatitis is multifactorial involving external factors such as climate, drug use, lifestyle and internal factors such as immune deficiency, amount of sebum, hyperhidrosis, pregnancy.…”

Section: Abstrakmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low CD4+ T cell counts are not risk factor for Malassezia species infection in HIV/AIDS patients

Panjaitan¹,

Pudjiati

Siswati

2015

JMedScie

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Human immunodefiiency virus (HIV) infection and aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)cause a progressive depletion of CD4 + T cell populations accompanied by progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Seborrheic dermatitis is one of the most common skin opportunistic infections on HIV/AIDS patients. Malassezia species is bilieved as the causative of seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate low CD4 + T cell counts as risk factor for Malassezia sp. infection in HIV/AIDS patients. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design conducted on HIV/AIDS patients who attended in Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Culture of Malassezia sp. was conducted in Department of Microbiology and classified as high (>100 CFU/ tape) and low (<100 CFU/tape) density colonies. CD4 Sci, Volume 46,No. 4, CFU/tape. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna adalah kadar sel T CD4 + dengan jumlah koloni Malassezia sp dalam penelitian ini (p=0,607; 95%CI=0,(4)(5)19; RP=0,452). Dapat disimpulkan, kadar sel T CD4 + yang rendah bukan merupakan faktor terjadinya infeksi Malassezia sp. pada penderita HIV/AIDS.

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Section: Abstrakmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low CD4+ T cell counts are not risk factor for Malassezia species infection in HIV/AIDS patients

Panjaitan¹,

Pudjiati

Siswati

2015

JMedScie

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“…A hyperinflammatory response does, in fact, enhance virulence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15) and Aspergillus nidulans (16) infections. In the normal skin, the fungus Malassezia down-regulates inflammation via TGF-␤1 and IL-10 and establishes itself as a commensal (17). In contrast, in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis the skin barrier acts to enhance the release of allergens and molecules involved in hyperproliferation, cell migration, and disease exacerbation (18).…”

Section: Inflammation: Friend or Foe Or Something Uneasily In Between?mentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-17 and Therapeutic Kynurenines in Pathogenic Inflammation to Fungi

Romani

Zelante

Luca

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

108

105

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Largely viewed as proinflammatory, innate responses combine with adaptive immunity to generate the most effective form of antifungal resistance, and T cells exercise feedback control over diverse effects of inflammation on infection. Some degree of inflammation is required for protection, particularly in mucosal tissues, during the transitional response occurring between the rapid innate and slower adaptive response. However, progressive inflammation worsens disease and ultimately prevents pathogen eradication. IDO, tryptophan catabolites (“kynurenines”), and regulatory T cells help to tame overzealous and exaggerated inflammatory responses. In this context, IL-23 and the Th17 pathway, which down-regulate tryptophan catabolism, may instead favor pathology and serve to accommodate the seemingly paradoxical association of chronic inflammation with fungal persistence. Recent data support a view in which IL-23/IL-17 antagonistic strategies, including the administration of synthetic kynurenines, could represent a new means of harnessing progressive or potentially harmful inflammation.

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“…Malassezia species are ubiquitous residents of human skin but are associated with several diseases, such as tinea versicolor, folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis (7,8). In neonate, invasive infection by Malassezia often causes lethal sepsis (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

C-type lectin Mincle is an activating receptor for pathogenic fungus,Malassezia

Yamasaki

Matsumoto

Takeuchi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

395

345

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Mincle (also called as Clec4e and Clecsf9) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed in activated phagocytes. Recently, we have demonstrated that Mincle is an FcR␥-associated activating receptor that senses damaged cells. To search an exogenous ligand(s), we screened pathogenic fungi using cell line expressing Mincle, FcR␥, and NFAT-GFP reporter. We found that Mincle specifically recognizes the Malassezia species among 50 different fungal species tested. Malassezia is a pathogenic fungus that causes skin diseases, such as tinea versicolor and atopic dermatitis, and fatal sepsis. However, the specific receptor on host cells has not been identified. Mutation of the putative mannose-binding motif within C-type lectin domain of Mincle abrogated Malassezia recognition. Analyses of glycoconjugate microarray revealed that Mincle selectively binds to ␣-mannose but not mannan. Thus, Mincle may recognize specific geometry of ␣-mannosyl residues on Malassezia species and use this to distinguish them from other fungi. Malassezia activated macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines/ chemokines. To elucidate the physiological function of Mincle, Mincle-deficient mice were established. Malassezia-induced cytokine/chemokine production by macrophages from Mincle ؊/؊ mice was significantly impaired. In vivo inflammatory responses against Malassezia was also impaired in Mincle ؊/؊ mice. These results indicate that Mincle is the first specific receptor for Malassezia species to be reported and plays a crucial role in immune responses to this fungus.ITAM ͉ macrophages ͉ signal transduction

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Recent developments in the immunology and biology ofMalasseziaspecies

Cited by 70 publications

References 55 publications

Low CD4+ T cell counts are not risk factor for Malassezia species infection in HIV/AIDS patients

Low CD4+ T cell counts are not risk factor for Malassezia species infection in HIV/AIDS patients

IL-17 and Therapeutic Kynurenines in Pathogenic Inflammation to Fungi

C-type lectin Mincle is an activating receptor for pathogenic fungus,Malassezia

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