Recent Developments in Organotin Chemistry

Abstract

New synthetic methods developed in the field of organotin compounds since 1959 are reviewed. The use of alkyl aluminum compounds brings an advance in the preparation of tetraalkyltin derivatives, alkyltin halides, and alkyltin hydrides. Organotin hydrides ofer new possibilities for the production of monomeric and polymeric organotin compounds. Diethyltin and diphenyltin, which are obtained by catalytic dehydrogenation of the respective dialkyltin dihydrides, are cyclic compounds. -The literature since 1959 is reviewed.

Comparisons of organic Group IVB lithium compounds

“…1852 with the report by Lowig(50) of the reaction of ethyl iodide with tinsodium alloy. A product of this reaction, a diethyl tin, has only very recently been characterized(51)(52)(53), A similar situation may be cited in the case of tetrakis (triphenylstannyl)tin, which was prepared as early as 192 3(54), but was not rigorously identified until the present study. This com pound is the only discrete branched chain polytin in the literature at present.…”

“…The chemistry of catenated organotin compounds began as early as A particularly active area of investigation is that concerned with the nature of "divalent" tin species, R2Sn, It has now been well established that these compounds are in many cases polymers of the R2Sn structure, and do not, in fact, contain tin species in the divalent stateo Some diorganotin compounds, particularly those prepared from organolithium or organomagnesium reagents and stannous chloride, have been shown (52,53,(56)(57)(58) to correspond to RgSn compounds only in gross composition, and to contain tin polymers with chain branching, so that RgSn-and RSn= moieties are present in the compounds, A review (53) of the nature of these compounds and the problems involved in their study has recently appeared, so that the present writing will in the main treat only those compounds which have been shown to be reasonably discrete species.…”

Preparation and I. R. studies of Ethyl(n‐Propyl)Tin Dichloride and its Adducts with Nitrogen Donors

“…Although it may be expected from the work reported by NEUMANN [7] and others [S, 91 that the refluxing of equimolar quantities of tetraorganotin and tin tetrachloride, at high temperature, for a few hours would yield diorganotin dichloride as the main product ; the remarkable selectivityfor the formationof ethyl-propy1"tin dichloride is somewhat interesting. BTJLLARD et al [6] have reported that when dry hydrogen chloride is passed through diethyldipropylntin, the formation of ethy1propyl"tin dichloride takes place.…”

Σύνθεση Και Μελέτη Της Μοριακής Και Της Ηλεκτρονιακής Δομής Ετεροδιμεταλλικών Ενώσεων Συναρμογής. Συναρμογή Τριοργανοκασσιτερικών Παραγώγων Πυριδινυλ-2-Ιμινο Υποκατεστημένων Αρωματικών Οξέων Προς Κέντρα Μονοσθενούς Χαλκού

“…Οι απλούστερες οργανοκασσιτερικές ενώσεις του Sn(II) είναι του τύπου R 2 Sn, όπου R= αλκύλιο ή αρύλιο οι οποίες είτε είναι κατά κανόνα πολυµερείς. Εύκολα οξειδώνονται ακόµα και από σχετικά ήπια οξειδωτικά αντιδραστήρια και γενικότερα έχουν την τάση σε θερµοκρασίες στην περιοχή 200-300 ο C να δίνουν τις αντίστοιχες ενώσεις του τετρασθενούς κασσιτέρου [9,10]. Στο σχήµα 2 φαίνονται οι γενικές αντιδράσεις σύνθεσης των R 2 Sn και οι αντιδράσεις που δίνουν.…”

“…Ο κασσίτερος έχει ηλεκτρονιακή διαµόρφωση [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 5p 2 στη βασική του κατάσταση και εµφανίζεται σε δύο οξειδωτικές βαθµίδες την [Sn 2+ ]: [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 και την [Sn 4+ ]: [Kr]4d 10 , ενώ αρκετά σπάνια και ασταθής είναι η [Sn 3+ ]: [Kr]4d 10 5s 1 . Και οι δυο κύριες καταστάσεις είναι -6 -αρκετά σταθερές αφού σχηµατίζονται οι σταθερές διαµορφώσεις µε συµπληρωµένα τα 5s τροχιακά και την τροχιά 4d αντίστοιχα παρόλο που η πιο κοινή είναι η 4+ [3].…”