Recent developments in microalgal genome editing for enhancing lipid accumulation and biofuel recovery

Jothibasu, Karuppaiyan; Dhar, Dolly Wattal; Rakesh, Suchitra

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106093

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…3-MA had no significant effect on GL compared to the level in the control group. These results indicate that the inhibition of autophagy significantly decreased NLs (the main storage lipids in microalgae [ 5 ]) but increased PLs (PLs are closely related to membrane fluidity in microalgae [ 33 , 34 ]), both as a % of TFA, in C . sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy on DHA and carotenoid accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN

Li,

Zhao,

Gao

et al. 2024

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Autophagy is a crucial process of cellular self-destruction and component reutilization that can affect the accumulation of total fatty acids (TFAs) and carotenoids in microalgae. The regulatory effects of autophagy process in a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids simultaneously producing microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN, has not been studied. Thus, the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine (MA)) and activator (rapamycin) were used to regulate autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Results The inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA was verified by transmission electron microscopy, with fewer autophagy vacuoles observed. Besides, 3-MA reduced the glucose absorption and intracellular acetyl-CoA level, which resulting in the decrease of TFA and DHA levels by 15.83 and 26.73% respectively; Surprisingly, 3-MA increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level but decreased the carotenoids level. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the downregulation of the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle may underlie the decrease of acetyl-CoA, NADPH and ATP supply for fatty acid biosynthesis; the downregulation of PSY and HMGCR may underlie the decreased carotenoids level. In addition, the class I PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may be crucial for the regulation of carbon and energy metabolism. At last, rapamycin was used to activate autophagy, which significantly enhanced the cell growth and TFA level and eventually resulted in 1.70-fold increase in DHA content. Conclusions Our findings indicate the mechanisms of autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN and highlight a way to manipulate cell metabolism by regulating autophagy. Overall, this study provides valuable insights to guide further research on autophagy-regulated TFA and carotenoids accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy on DHA and carotenoid accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN

Li,

Zhao,

Gao

et al. 2024

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Metabolic alterations are regulated by the manipulation of a group of enzyme-coding genes among a group of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms (Table 6). In terms of percentile increased lipid production, Arabidopsis engineered with SLC1-1 (LPAT) gene from yeast was the highest of all (+48%) (Zhang et al, 2021), followed by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (+46.4%), and E. coli (+46.9%) increased lipid (Fathy et al, 2021;Jothibasu et al, 2021). In contrast, upregulating lipid production by folds, oleaginous yeast engineered with a yeast-derived gene by 3-9 folds of TAG content and 200-600 folds of DGAT activity (Son et al, 2022).…”

Section: Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New trends in microbial lipid-based biorefinery for fermentative bioenergy production from lignocellulosic biomass

Al Azad,

Madadi,

Song

et al. 2024

Biofuel Res. J.

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Using oleaginous microbial lipid-based biorefinery from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to produce fermentative bioenergy (i.e., biodiesel) represents an innovative second-generation fuel production technology. These lipids are predominantly intracellular triglycerides that accumulate through the metabolism of sugars in fermentation following pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of LCB. This review investigates the recent advances in the microbial lipid production from LCB, focusing on the factors influencing the lead microbial lipid producers, different pretreatment methods (i.e., physical, chemical, biological, and combined pretreatment), enzymatic hydrolysis approaches, novel bioprocessing strategies (i.e., microbes-specific and fermentation model specific), and engineering techniques of the oleaginous microbes (i.e., genetic and metabolic alterations). The study demonstrates that oleaginous yeasts can synthesize significantly higher quantities of lipids when incorporated into the system, known as separated hydrolysis and lipid production, following various combined pretreatment methods. Interestingly, CRISPR is found to be the most suitable way of engineering microbes genetically and metabolically for increased lipid synthesis. The study also explores economically viable strategies for fermentative lipid production, addressing associated challenges, and outlines future directions, including comprehensive techno-economic and life cycle assessments. This review offers invaluable insights into microbial lipid production from LCB, highlighting the potential for significant technological and environmental enhancements through ongoing research and development efforts.

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“…The symbiotic relationship between the two organisms occurs with the release of carbon dioxide by yeast via fermentation of sugar, which is then utilized by microalgae and in turn provides nitrogen to the yeast by metabolism [8, 9]. Arathi et al, has elaborated the qualitative and quantitative approaches for lipid estimation, microalgae harvesting and molecular approaches that can be implemented to promote lipid accumulation and recovery [10][11][12]. Recent studies reveal that some nutrients like ferrous sulfate, sodium nitrate, potassium phosphate, etc., affect the growth and lipid yield at speci c concentrations in a co-culture medium [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study Exploring the Effects of Cell Disruption Techniques on Lipid Recovery in Co-cultivated Microalgae and Oleaginous Yeast

Jayakumar

Rakesh

2022

Bioenerg. Res.

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Co-cultivated microalgae and oleaginous yeast are promising in improving lipid and biomass yield, resulting in cheaper biofuel production with several economic prospects. This study evaluated three microalgal and three oleaginous yeast combinations to study biomass, and lipid production as well as the differences in the yield while using distinct cell disruption approaches, viz., sonication, microwave, freezing, osmotic shock, and autoclave. Among the different cell disruption strategies used, sonication was found to be the most effective, resulting in the highest lipid yield by the co-cultivation of S. obliquus with Y. lipolytica, C. sorokiniana with R. glutinis, and C. protothecoides with Y. lipolytica obtaining 49.4%, 50.7% and 53.6% of lipid content respectively. Compared to the monocultures, various microalgae and oleaginous yeast combinations reported higher biomass and lipid yield. FAME (Fatty acid methyl esters) analysis by Gas chromatography of the three combinations reported the presence of biofuel precursors like palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and heptadecanoic acid, which con rms their suitability for biofuel production. The results demonstrated that co-cultivated microalgae and yeast, assisted with an effective cell disruption technique, can enhance lipid yield and be applied for biofuel production.

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Recent developments in microalgal genome editing for enhancing lipid accumulation and biofuel recovery

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy on DHA and carotenoid accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN

Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy on DHA and carotenoid accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN

New trends in microbial lipid-based biorefinery for fermentative bioenergy production from lignocellulosic biomass

A Study Exploring the Effects of Cell Disruption Techniques on Lipid Recovery in Co-cultivated Microalgae and Oleaginous Yeast

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