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Microalgae have been explored for sustainable production of biofuel and chemicals. Microalgae is promising feed stock for the production of several oleochemicals. It has the ability to utilize a variety of low cost feed stocks, accumulated large quantities of lipids and variety of value added products in their biomass. One of the major obstacles associated with the conversion of algae into value-added products is harvesting. The harvesting of algae is the most problematic area due to its low sedimentation rate, low biomass concentration, and high capital costs. Harvesting of algae is carried out by different physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, and electrolytic methods such as sedimentation, centrifugation, microstraining, dissolved air flotation, electrolytic flotation, chemical flocculation, bioflocculation, autoflocculation, Filtration. This review highlights the various methods of microalgae harvesting with advantages and future perspective of sustainable and cost-effective harvesting of microalgae.

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Co-cultivated microalgae and oleaginous yeast are promising in improving lipid and biomass yield, resulting in cheaper biofuel production with several economic prospects. This study evaluated three microalgal and three oleaginous yeast combinations to study biomass, and lipid production as well as the differences in the yield while using distinct cell disruption approaches, viz., sonication, microwave, freezing, osmotic shock, and autoclave. Among the different cell disruption strategies used, sonication was found to be the most effective, resulting in the highest lipid yield by the co-cultivation of S. obliquus with Y. lipolytica, C. sorokiniana with R. glutinis, and C. protothecoides with Y. lipolytica obtaining 49.4%, 50.7% and 53.6% of lipid content respectively. Compared to the monocultures, various microalgae and oleaginous yeast combinations reported higher biomass and lipid yield. FAME (Fatty acid methyl esters) analysis by Gas chromatography of the three combinations reported the presence of biofuel precursors like palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and heptadecanoic acid, which con rms their suitability for biofuel production. The results demonstrated that co-cultivated microalgae and yeast, assisted with an effective cell disruption technique, can enhance lipid yield and be applied for biofuel production.

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