Recent developments in fungicides: Spray materials

Roberts, John W.

doi:10.1007/bf02868930

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…RELATIVE PATHOGENICITY OF THE FUNGUS.-Re!ations of weather (Foister 1935, Tapke 1948, Boughey 1949; conditions of physiology of host-parasite relations (Brown 1946) ; cytogenetic relationships (Johnson and Newton 1946); physiologic specialization (Reed 1935(Reed , 1946 ; restriction of fungi to host (Sprague 1944, Arthur 1934, Heald 1943. Control of fungi which cause disease (Roberts, 1936, Heald 1943 . Conditions of host tissues at time of infection (Brown 1936) : first alternate host: age of infected tissue, general health .…”

Section: Development Of Aecidium and Aecidiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Life History Outlines for Fungi

Cooke

1951

Ecology

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Section: Development Of Aecidium and Aecidiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Life History Outlines for Fungi

Cooke

1951

Ecology

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“…Sulphur, in one form or another, has been the subject of numerous investigations in both animal and plant physiology over a period of many years. The extensive amount of work done in this country and abroad on the fungicidal action of sulphurs has been reviewed recently by FREAR (14), HORSFALL (27), aind ROBERTS (56). WILCOXON and MCCALLAN (86) have found that "the most important single factor determining the toxicity of sulphur dust is the number of particles furnished by unit weight of the material."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Physiological Effects of Elemental Sulphur Dust on Citrus Fruits

Turrell

1950

Plant Physiol.

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IntroductionElemenital sulphur was referred to as a disinfectant by Holler nearly a thousand years before Christ (71), but was probably first used for pest control in agriculture by Robertson in 1824 (27). In the years that followed, many improvements were imiade in increasing the toxicity of sulphur. Lime was added; lime and sulphur were boiled, and then self-boiled; bordeaux was added to sulphur; colloidal sulphur, wettable sulphur, flotation sulphur, and micronized sulphur were then used, and later dithiocarbamates; other sulphur-containing organic compounds followed in successiomi (27).Sulphur, in various forms, is now used specifically for control of certain pests. It is also used generally as a diluent, and is entered as a component in programs where more specific control measures have not been worked out. One of its chief shortcomings as an insecticide or fungicide is its tendency to "burn" leaves and fruit during periods of hot weather. This characteristic has been especially refractory to field research studies, and its control has lagged in comparison with the enhancement in insecticidal and fungicidal properties of sulphur. The present work on the physiology of injury to citrus fruit by elemental sulphur dust was initiated to lay a basis for the development of sulphur insecticides and fungicides havinig lower potentially injurious effects during hot weather. Sulphur, in one form or another, has been the subject of numerous investigations in both animal and plant physiology over a period of many years. The extensive amount of work done in this country and abroad on the fungicidal action of sulphurs has been reviewed recently by FREAR (14), HORSFALL (27), aind ROBERTS (56). WILCOXON and MCCALLAN (86) have found that "the most important single factor determining the toxicity of sulphur dust is the number of particles furnished by unit weight of the material." As the insecticidal and fungicidal effectiveness has increased, injury to plants has also increased. It seems probable, therefore, that the two problems are similar, at least at certain poimnts.Symptoms of injury by elemental sulphur In the humid coastal areas of California both fruit and foliage miiay be injured on sulphur-dusted citrus trees duriiig hot weather. In the drier inland regions it is usually the fruit alone that is injured. Injury is con- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY fined to those parts of the leaves and fruit that are exposed to the direct rays of the sun.Leaf injury is characterized by a necrosis ranging from small spots to extensive areas which may include the greater part of the chlorenchyma ( fig. 1).Fruit injury in yellow lemon fruit is characterized by small, white translucent spots. Frequently the affected area becomes yellowish pink. In ripe navel oranges a green spot may appear in the injured area. In green 4 I)!S FIGS. 1-4. 1. A type of sulphur injury or "burn" on Eureka lemoni leaves. Maximum air temperature at time of injury, 1030 F. 2. Sulphur injury or "burn" on green and yellow Eureka lemons. Maximum air temperature at time o...

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