Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019)

Abstract

The review presents a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, micropreparation, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides since 2017 up to about the middle of 2019. Progress in the study of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression, EOF control, and detection) are described. Advances in CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and their applications in the following areas are presented: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determinations of important physicochemical characteristics of peptides by CE and CEC methods are reported.

Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine

“…The electrophoretic method is a widely used method in a modern research laboratory, but not so much in a clinical laboratory. Electrophoresis is commonly used for proteins, peptides and nucleic acid analysis [ 64 ]. It could be applied as a qualitative or quantitative analytical technique on its own if a reference substance is given, or it could be used as a separation technique for a sample to be further examined by other techniques, such as mass spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and etc.…”

Microfluidics for Peptidomics, Proteomics, and Cell Analysis

“…Currently, HPLC and UHPLC combined with high-resolution MS detection are the leading techniques for peptide and protein analysis [ 96 ]. Capillary and microchip electromigration methods (CE/MCE) are also very powerful and useful methods for the analysis and characterization of peptides and proteins [ 97 , 98 ]) and for applications in peptidomics and proteomics [ 99 ]. CE and MCE methods have several advantages, such as high separation efficiency, short analysis time, low sample and reagent consumption, and different separation modes (ZE, ITP, IEF, AE, EKC, and EC).…”

Capillary electrophoretic profiling of in‐bone tryptic digests of proteins as a potential tool for the detection of inflammatory states in oral surgery

“…To compare the intensity values from the recorded CE-UV profile, the linear baseline was first estimated and adjusted using a two-step algorithm: The recorded profile was re-interpolated to obtain I(t) intensities in 2 15 equidistant points covering the migration time from 0 to 20 min. The temporal normalization factor was estimated as |max ( )| − |median ( )| and the I(t) values were divided by the temporal normalization factor to scale the intensities to a comparable range, resulting in scaledI(t) values.…”

“…CE is a powerful separation method with wide applicability in the analysis of proteins [12,13] and peptides [14,15], including their complex mixtures in proteomic, peptidomic, and metabolomic studies [16][17][18][19][20]. CE-UV and CE-MS profiling of complex protein mixtures, such as proteins in biological fluids, various human, animal, and plant tissues, and food extracts, enables differentiation of the origin and character of these samples, e.g.…”