Recent Developments in Borohydride Fuel Cells

León, Carlos Ponce de; Walsh, Frank C.; Bessette, Russell R.; Patrissi, Charles J.; Medeiros, Maria G.; Rose, A. Leema; Browning, D.J.; Lakeman, John B.; Reeve, Robert W.

doi:10.1149/1.3046618

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Various metals have been evaluated in the search for an efficient and economic catalyst to realize the 8-electron oxidation of the borohydride ion; these include: Pt (15), Pd (16), Au (17), Os (18), Ag (19)(20), Cr-Ru, Ni-Ru, Pt-Ru (21) and Misch metal alloys (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RVC electrodes have been incorporated in several electrochemical filter-press reactors such as the FM01-LC. This cell has been used as a direct borohydride fuel cell prototype using carbon felt electrodes coated with gold particles (17) but the cell could also be used with RVC electrodes coated with silver nanoparticles for the oxidation of borohydride ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidation of the Borohydride Ion at Silver Nanoparticles on a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) Using Pulsed Potential Techniques

Hernández-Ramírez¹,

Alatorre-Ordaz²,

Yépez-Murrieta³

et al. 2009

ECS Trans.

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Direct oxidation borohydride fuel cells are very attractive energy conversion devices. Silver has been reported as one of the few materials which can catalyze an 8-electron oxidation. Potential step amperometric pulse techniques to synthesize nanostructured silver material on flat glassy carbon electrodes is reported and significant differences with bulk silver deposit have been observed. The oxidation of borohydride ion on the silver particles occurs at -0.025 V vs. SCE and the potential decreases towards negative values at longer cycle times. The oxidation current also decreases with the number of cycles, suggesting that the silver active sites become partially blocked by oxidation products of borohydride. The electroactive area per unit electrode area of silver was relatively low for particles deposited using potential step amperometric techniques on glassy carbon (0.002 cm2 per cm-2) compared with the area found at a polycrystalline silver electrode (0.103 cm2 per cm-2).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of the Borohydride Ion at Silver Nanoparticles on a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) Using Pulsed Potential Techniques

Hernández-Ramírez¹,

Alatorre-Ordaz²,

Yépez-Murrieta³

et al. 2009

ECS Trans.

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“…Table shows a comparison of operation parameters of DBHPFCs employing Co/TiO 2 ‐NTs, Au(Co)/TiO 2 ‐NTs, AuM‐based electrodes , , , , , , or Au/C , , as anodes. It is clearly seen, that the power density output and mass specific activity of the DBHPFC using investigated Au(Co)/TiO 2 ‐NTs catalysts as anode are significantly higher than those of AuM (M = Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pd) , , , , , , or Au/C , , as anode catalysts (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Au Nanoparticles Modified Co/Titania Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Borohydride Oxidation

Balčiūnaitė

Tamašauskaitė–Tamašiūnaitė

Santos

et al. 2017

Fuel Cells

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Gold‐cobalt catalysts were deposited on the surface of titania nanotubes (TiO2‐NTs) via galvanic displacement technique. The catalysts were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the Au(Co)/TiO2‐NTs catalysts was examined in respect to the oxidation of BH4− ions in an alkaline media by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. It was found that the Au(Co)/TiO2‐NTs catalysts with Au loadings in the range of 10 up to 59 µgAu cm−2 had a higher activity compared to that of Co/TiO2‐NTs and bare Au. A direct NaBH4‐H2O2 single fuel cell was constructed with the Au(Co)/TiO2‐NTs catalysts as anode and Pt as the cathode. The fuel cell exhibited an open circuit voltage of ca. 1.9 V and peak power densities up to 217 mW cm−2 at 25 °C. The highest specific peak power density of 16.3 kW g−1Au was obtained when employing Au(Co)/TiO2‐NTs with the Au loading of 10 µgAu cm−2 as the anode catalyst.

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“…Although not likely to replace H2/O2 fuel cells in large-scale and automobile applications, direct borohydride fuel cells may find applications in micro-fuel cells [300,301]. Pt has considerable electrocatalytic activity for borohydride oxidation (BOR), but it also causes chemical decomposition of NaBH4 at open circuit while its very low hydrogen evolution overpotential does not allow operation close to the borohydride standard potential (which is lower than that of H2); it also shows a low coulombic efficiency since the reaction is completed with the loss of four electrons per molecule.…”

Section: Borohydride Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

et al. 2017

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Galvanic replacement is the spontaneous replacement of surface layers of a metal, M, by a more noble metal, M noble , when the former is treated with a solution containing the latter in ionic form, according to the general replacement reaction: nM + mM noble n+ → nM m+ + mM noble. The reaction is driven by the difference in the equilibrium potential of the two metal/metal ion redox couples and, to avoid parasitic cathodic processes such as oxygen reduction and (in some cases) hydrogen evolution too, both oxygen levels and the pH must be optimized. The resulting bimetallic material can in principle have a M noble-rich shell and M-rich core (denoted as M noble (M)) leading to a possible decrease in noble metal loading and the modification of its properties by the underlying metal M. This paper reviews a number of bimetallic or ternary electrocatalytic materials prepared by galvanic replacement for fuel cell, electrolysis and electrosynthesis reactions. These include oxygen reduction, methanol, formic acid and ethanol oxidation, hydrogen evolution and oxidation, oxygen evolution, borohydride oxidation, and halide reduction. Methods for depositing the precursor metal M on the support material (electrodeposition, electroless deposition, photodeposition) as well as the various options for the support are also reviewed. 1. Principle of Galvanic Replacement/Deposition 1.1. Thermodynamic Considerations When a metal, M (e.g., Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, etc.), is immersed in a solution containing ions of a more noble metal, M noble n+ (e.g., Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Ru, Ir, Rh, Os, etc.-i.e., a metal with a higher standard potential) then, due to the difference in their standard electrochemical potentials, E 0 noble − E 0 > 0, and provided that the ionic form of M is stable under the given experimental conditions (of temperatue, pH, complexing agents etc.), the following reaction is thermodynamically favored and can take place spontaneously: M noble n+ + n/m M → M noble + n/m M m+ (1) This reaction, which bears similarities with transmetalation reactions between metal complexes [1] and is also known as immersion plating [2] in the plating industry and galvanic replacement [3] in materials chemistry, can be considered to originate from the coupling of the following two half-reactions: M noble n+ + ne − ↔ M noble (E 0 noble) (2) M m+ + me − ↔ M (E 0) (3)

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Recent Developments in Borohydride Fuel Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Oxidation of the Borohydride Ion at Silver Nanoparticles on a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) Using Pulsed Potential Techniques

Oxidation of the Borohydride Ion at Silver Nanoparticles on a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) Using Pulsed Potential Techniques

Au Nanoparticles Modified Co/Titania Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Borohydride Oxidation

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

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