Recent Development of Mg Ion Solid Electrolyte

Abstract

Although the successful deployment of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in various fields such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles and electric grid, the efforts are still ongoing to pursue the next-generation battery systems with higher energy densities. Interest has been increasing in the batteries relying on the multivalent-ions such as Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Al 3+ , because of the higher volumetric energy densities than those of monovalent-ion batteries including LIBs and Na-ion batteries. Among them, magnesium batteries have attracted much attention due to the promising characteristics of Mg anode: a low redox potential (−2.356 V vs. SHE), a high volumetric energy density (3,833 mAh cm −3), atmospheric stability and the earth-abundance. However, the development of Mg batteries has progressed little since the first Mg-ion rechargeable battery was reported in 2000. A severe technological bottleneck concerns the organic electrolytes, which have limited compatibility with Mg anode and form an Mg-ion insulating passivation layer on the anode surface. Consequently, beneficial to the good chemical and mechanical stability, Mg-ion solid electrolyte should be a promising alternative to the liquid electrolyte. Herein, a mini review is presented to focus on the recent development of Mg-ion solid conductor. The performances and the limitations were also discussed in the review. We hope that the mini review could provide a quick grasp of the challenges in the area and inspire researchers to develop applicable solid electrolyte candidates for Mg batteries.

Impedance studies of biosynthesized Na0.8Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2applied in an aqueous sodium‐ion battery

“…Diverse lithium‐based rechargeable batteries such as lithium ion, 6,7 lithium air, 8,9 and lithium sulfur 10‐12 have been extensively studied to meet this need. However, due to the concerns associated with cost and depletion of global lithium sources as a result of its high demand, other battery alternatives such as sodium ion, 13,14 potassium ion, 15,16 magnesium ion, 17‐19 and aluminum ion 20,21 have been intensively studied amongst others. All these alternatives are geared toward overcoming some of the challenges associated with lithium‐based batteries.…”

Role of Mg(NO3)2 as Defective Agent in Ameliorating the Electrical Conductivity, Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Agarose–Based Polymer Electrolytes

“…Multivalent-ion batteries such as Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and Al 3+ are reported to deliver higher volumetric energy densities compared with monovalent-ion batteries, including Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Among these promising multivalent ion batteries, Mg-ion batteries represent a significant advance in battery technology due to their highest theoretical volumetric energy density (3866 mAh cm −3 ), which is higher than that achievable by a Li anode (2066 mAh cm −3 ) [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. However, several challenges have limited the progress of Mg-ion battery technology maturation [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], including Mg-ion insulating passivation layer on the anode surface [ 7 ], the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) [ 8 ], safety and stability, and their narrow electrochemical operation window (<2 V vs. Mg/Mg 2+ ) [ 4 , 9 ].…”

“…Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , as dopant salt with a high lattice energy of 2429.51 kJ·mol −1 [ 26 ], was chosen to minimise the occurrence of ion association between cations and anions in the complexes. The results revealed in the current work indicate that divalent salts with moderate conductivity can stimulate the development of polymer electrolytes for multivalent batteries [ 4 ].…”

Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for High Performance Symmetrical and Aqueous Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor

“…Energy storage systems based on monovalent cations (Li + , Na + , and K + ) have been widely investigated and significant progress has been achieved (Shen and Yu, 2017;Shen et al, 2018Shen et al, , 2019. Multivalent cations (Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ ) are becoming more attractive, since one mole reacted multivalent ions can provide double or triple the number of electrons as compared to monovalent cations (Bitenc and Dominko, 2018;Cui et al, 2018;Dong et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2019a,b;Zhan et al, 2020). Moreover, multivalent cation-based devices are also more air-resistant and thus more applicable in practice (Sun et al, 2020).…”