Impedance studies of biosynthesized Na_0.8Ni_0.33Co_0.33Mn_0.33O₂applied in an aqueous sodium‐ion battery

Abstract

Summary We studied Na0.8Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 nanoparticles synthesized using water‐based extract procured from the dried silk of maize (Zea mays lea) plant. The synthesized Na0.8Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 was used as the positive electrode in an aqueous sodium ion battery (SIB). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the biosynthesized material reveal that it can be indexed to the trigonal structure of Na0.8Ni 0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 with an R 3m space group (160), (ICSD 184736) although impurities of Mn2O3 and NiO were detected. Surface morphological studies from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) disclose that the nanoparticles consist of an interspersion of sheath‐like particles with quasi‐spherical nanoparticles of uneven dimensions. The sheath‐like particles seem to agglomerate to form layers that coalesce into flower‐like structures that are spread within the quasi‐spherical nanoparticles. The material yielded a rechargeable discharge capacity of about 86 mA h g−1 in a three‐electrode system consisting of platinum, the Na0.8Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 and Ag/AgCl as the counter, working and reference electrodes respectively at a current density of 10 mA g−1. However, a full cell using P25 Degussa TiO2 and the biosynthesized Na0.8Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 as the negative and the positive electrode, respectively, and having a mass ratio of 1:1 yielded a discharge capacity of 49 mA h g−1 at a current density of 5 mA g−1. Impedance studies for a symmetrical cell developed showed that the magnitude of the impedance is highest at 0% and 100 state of charge (SOC).

Progress and development on the synthesis and application of two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide

“…Due to its high energy density, long lifetime and environmental friendliness, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have initiated the intensive research on the development of electrode materials. [184][185][186][187][188] Different electronic and nano-microelectronics device such as cell phone and laptops have been using LIBs as energy storage applications. 189,190 In LIBs, graphite is commonly used as anode and lithium metal oxides are used as cathode materials.…”

Advances in Mn-Based Electrode Materials for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Although NaNMCo displayed higher initial anodic capacity, the water intercalation and phase transformation resulted in microscopic exfoliation and severe damage occurred in NaNMCo. In addition, a Na 0.8 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 cathode material was reported by Nwanya et al [ 103 ]. The synthesized powders consisted of sheath-like nanoparticles and quasi-spherical nanoparticles.…”

Layered K0.37MnO2·0.25H2O as cathode material for potassium ion batteries

“…Although the Mn-based transition metal oxides reported so far still lag behind LIBs and sodium ion batteries in terms of electrochemical performance [36][37][38][39][40], the above explorations of K x MnO 2 oxides demonstrate their application potential as cathode materials for PIBs. Therefore, the further exploration of K x MnO 2 cathode materials with good cycle stability, high capacity, and low cost has become a prominent research focus in the industry and academia.…”