“…These bioimaging modalities, however, are limited in capturing enough dynamic details of blood vasculatures, owing to insufficient spatiotemporal resolutions. [44][45][46][47] For instance, the recently developed microultrasonography offers a temporal resolution up to a millisecond; however, the spatial resolution deteriorates considerably with increasing imaging depth. 48 The near-infrared OCT, featuring label-free, subcellular spatial resolution, millimeter penetration depth, and wide field-of-view (FOV), has been clinically adopted in ophthalmology, cardiology, and gastrointestinal cancer screening.…”