Recent development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A review

Fan, Lixin; Tu, Zhengkai; Chan, Siew Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.003

Cited by 486 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…However, fossil fuels can create severe damage to the environment by emitting toxic pollutants such as SO x , NO x , and CO x [1,2]. Therefore, the development of clean and green energy storage technologies is essential to protect the environment and also fulfill the global energy demand [3]. There are numerous methods that have been used to make key efforts in the development of high-efficient-based energy conversion and storage technologies [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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Carbon-based nanocomposites have developed as the most promising and emerging materials in nanoscience and technology during the last several years. They are microscopic materials that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers. They may be distinguished from bulk materials by their size, shape, increased surface-to-volume ratio, and unique physical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanocomposite matrixes are often created by combining more than two distinct solid phase types. The nanocomposites that were constructed exhibit unique properties, such as significantly enhanced toughness, mechanical strength, and thermal/electrochemical conductivity. As a result of these advantages, nanocomposites have been used in a variety of applications, including catalysts, electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and energy storage devices, among others. This study focuses on the usage of several forms of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon aerogels, carbon nanofibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, in the development of hydrogen fuel cells. These fuel cells have been successfully employed in numerous commercial sectors in recent years, notably in the car industry, due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and long-cyclic durability. Further; we discuss the principles, reaction mechanisms, and cyclic stability of the fuel cells and also new strategies and future challenges related to the development of viable fuel cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Hence, similar to an EV, a hydrogen vehicle has zero tailpipe emissions. As a hydrogen vehicle can be filled up with hydrogen relatively quickly, very similar to how ICEVs can be filled up at a conventional filling station, it has a substantial edge over EVs [16]. However, not all is green with hydrogen vehicle technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis and Feasibility Studies of Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Danial

Azis

Abas

2021

WEVJ

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Recent United Nations high-level dialogue on energy, which had emphasized on energy usage and environmental protection, has renewed commitments by different countries on the adoption of electric vehicle (EVs). This paper aims to analyze the economic feasibility of establishing electrical charging stations, which is an important factor for the wide adoption of EVs, using life cycle cost analysis. Although local data have been used, the method can be easily adopted to analyze economic feasibility at different markets. The findings have revealed that an electrical charging station is only feasible when the acquisition cost is kept to a minimum to return 1.47 times the initial investment in terms of life cycle cost. An acquisition cost of BND 29,725 on the electrical charging station represents the threshold below which an electrical charging station is more attractive. In order to promote these charging stations, the government needs to provide multiple incentives, including a subsidy to reduce the acquisition cost, relaxing control on the electric selling price, taxing the establishment of conventional filling stations, and minimally reducing the profit margin on the selling price of fossil fuel. It has been shown that a 40% initial subsidy on the purchase of electrical charging stations, coupled with a slight subsidy of BND 0.018/kWh on electricity, would make electrical charging stations economically competitive. To reach its target of 60% electrification of the transportation sector, Brunei would need to implement a structure program to establish between 646 and 3300 electrical charging stations by the year 2035, to cater for its expected number of EVs.

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“…One of these concepts is to use carbon-neutral energy carriers, such as hydrogen, that can be consumed without greenhouse gas emissions and produced without a carbon footprint. Other reasons for the high degree of attention to hydrogen include its high gravimetric energy density and the availability of methods that ensure highly efficient conversion of hydrogen energy [ 1 ]. These high-efficiency energy conversion methods include hydrogen utilization in fuel cells, or its combustion in a combustion chamber to drive gas and steam turbines with expanding heated air or steam, produced from water heating by the exhausted air, respectively [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thermal Treatment of Aluminum Core-Shell Particles on Their Oxidation Kinetics in Water for Hydrogen Production

2021

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The effect of thermal treatment of aluminum core-shell particles on their oxidation kinetics in water for hydrogen production was investigated. The samples were obtained by dividing dried aluminum powder, partially oxidized by distilled water, into eight portions, which were thermally treated at temperatures of 120, 200, 300, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 °C. Alumina shell cracking at 500–600 °C enhances hydrogen generation due to uncovering of the aluminum cores, while sharp thickening of the protective oxide film on the uncovered aluminum surfaces at 550–600 °C significantly reduces reactivity of the core-shell particles. For these reasons, after reaction with distilled water at 90 °C for two hours, the highest hydrogen yield (11.59 ± 1.20)% was obtained for the sample thermally treated at 500 °C , while the yield for aluminum core-shell powder without heat treatment was only (5.46 ± 0.13)%. Another set of experiments employed multiple consecutive cycles of alternating oxidation by water and thermal treatment at 500 °C of the same powder sample. As predicted, the hydrogen yield gradually decreased with each subsequent experiment. The series of six cycles resulted in a total hydrogen yield of 53.46%.

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Recent development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A review

Cited by 486 publications

References 86 publications

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

Techno-Economic Analysis and Feasibility Studies of Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Effect of Thermal Treatment of Aluminum Core-Shell Particles on Their Oxidation Kinetics in Water for Hydrogen Production

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