Recent Development of Corrosion Factors and Coating Applications in Biomass Firing Plants

Abstract

Due to global warming, biomass fuels are gradually being used to replace fossil fuels. However, high-temperature biomass corrosion is a crucial issue affecting its future application. In this article, different factors affecting boiler performance are summarized from various studies to guide the optimization of boiler parameters in practical applications, such as corrosive components and boiler temperatures. Meanwhile, different coating formation methods and materials are summarized to provide better protection strategies. The potential coating materials for future research are also discussed. The addition of other elements, such as Ti, Mo, and W, has the potential to accelerate the formation of oxide layers during high-temperature corrosion and directly slow down the corrosion rate. Future studies should focus on these elements containing materials.

The potential use of laser cladded functionally graded materials to mitigate degradation in boiler tube heat exchangers for power plant applications: A review

“…SCC usually leads to material fatigue and cracking. This was also proved in the work of Corleto & Argade [46], who investigated a failed heat exchanger and pointed out Maribo tube [33].…”

“…Sadeghi et al [10] revealed that corrosion in heat exchanger components is triggered by the interaction of alloys and their oxides with chlorides, sulfates, and sulfites. Wu et al [33] also affirmed that chlorine-induced corrosion is one of the most reported cases of failure induced by chloride gas reactions with metals (active oxidation), or reaction that leads to the formation of ions (electrochemical), and the reaction occurring between chlorides (molten-salt based). Simply put, the presence of Cl-containing compounds like salt deposits formed by gaseous reactions, react with heat exchanger alloys to form alkali chlorides that penetrate through microstructural defects such as pores and cracks.…”

“…Wu et al [33] carried out a comparative investigation concerning the influence of operating conditions and temperature fluctuations on the nickel-coating (Ni and Ni 2 Al 3 ) performance of two boiler tubes operating at 520°C–540°C. The Randers boiler tube failed 2 times during service, leading to partial corrosion because the temperature was monitored, whereas the Maribo boiler tube corroded severely because it was reported to have failed 213 times due to temperature fluctuations.…”

“…This further proves that materials with good microstructural quality characteristics are desirable in fabricating heat exchanger components to prevent the diffusion of particles through defects in severe operating conditions.

Figure 5 Corrosion morphology of exposed boiler tubes due to excessive thermal cycle in nickel coated (a) Randers tube and (b) Maribo tube [33].

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Development Strategies in Transition Metal Borides for Electrochemical Water Splitting

“…In addition, the surface area can be accurately gained from the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurement. Apart from this method, the ECSA mainly can be obtained from three experimental techniques: 1) CO stripping voltammetry, [ 72 ] 2) underpotential deposition (upd) hydrogen (H upd ) adsorption voltammetry, [ 73 ] and 3) Cu upd stripping voltammetry. [ 74 ] In conclusion, the above six parameters discussed are important to evaluate the characteristics of electrocatalysts.…”