Recent Development in Nanoconfined Hydrides for Energy Storage

Abstract

Hydrogen is the ultimate vector for a carbon-free, sustainable green-energy. While being the most promising candidate to serve this purpose, hydrogen inherits a series of characteristics making it particularly difficult to handle, store, transport and use in a safe manner. The researchers’ attention has thus shifted to storing hydrogen in its more manageable forms: the light metal hydrides and related derivatives (ammonia-borane, tetrahydridoborates/borohydrides, tetrahydridoaluminates/alanates or reactive hydride composites). Even then, the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior faces either too high energy barriers or sluggish kinetics (or both), and an efficient tool to overcome these issues is through nanoconfinement. Nanoconfined energy storage materials are the current state-of-the-art approach regarding hydrogen storage field, and the current review aims to summarize the most recent progress in this intriguing field. The latest reviews concerning H2 production and storage are discussed, and the shift from bulk to nanomaterials is described in the context of physical and chemical aspects of nanoconfinement effects in the obtained nanocomposites. The types of hosts used for hydrogen materials are divided in classes of substances, the mean of hydride inclusion in said hosts and the classes of hydrogen storage materials are presented with their most recent trends and future prospects.

Upcycling natural Limestone waste for thermochemical energy storage by utilising tailored CaZrO3 nanoadditives

“…During their endothermic reactions, heat is stored while heat is released during their reverse exothermic reactions. 12 Metal carbonates, [13][14][15][16] hydrides, [17][18][19][20] and hydroxides 12,21 are commonly used materials for TCES systems. 22 Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), also known as Limestone, has a high enthalpy of (calcination/carbonation) reaction (DH 8901C = 165.7 kJ), it is easy to handle and transport, has a high energy storage density (41000 kJ kg À1 ) and is earth-abundant, making it a very attractive candidate for storing renewable energy long-term.…”

Observation of Nanoconfinement Effect on the Kinetics of Hydrated Electron in the Nanoscale Water Pools of Water–AOT–Cyclohexane Microemulsions by Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis

“…Nanoconfined spaces widely exist in nature, which may be related to the origin of life and impact our lives. − For example, it is in the nanoconfinement environment of enzymes that hundreds of different reactions could be catalyzed under mild physiological conditions . Besides, there are many artificial systems with nanoconfined spaces (such as nanotubes, nanopores, water pools in water-in-oil microemulsions). , Within the confined spaces, controlling the chemical reactivity of the species by altering their chemical and physical properties via steric effects (i.e., confinement effects) has attracted extensive attention. ,− In the study of the mechanism of nanoconfined reactions, especially the light-induced reactions, time-resolved spectroscopies have been demonstrated to be crucial tools for exploring the kinetics and identifying the reactive intermediates. − With respect to the kinetic study of the nanoconfined reactions in ionizing radiation fields, laser ionization could be used to investigate the formation kinetics of some species. However, for the decay kinetics, this ionizing method is no longer suitable because it could not generate the spur of radiation and could not induce a nonhomogeneous kinetics.…”

Graphene Supports for Metal Hydride and Energy Storage Applications

“…Energy storage is a key driver and supporter of the everyday needs of society. Within this context, metal hydrides are promising systems with the ability to store and release hydrogen gas, the sole element promising a sustainable, emission-free future [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. While there are many binary and complex hydrides known, only those belonging to lightweight metals have practical implications due to their high gravimetric and volumetric H 2 content, in line with DOE's current targets.…”

“…The recent advances in SSHS (solid-state hydrogen storage) materials have been summarized, and they entail both physisorption and chemisorption of hydrogen [10]. In contrast to conventional systems based on high-pressure gas phase or low-temperature liquid-state hydrogen, SSHS systems have the tangible potential to offer high hydrogen storage capacity, sustainable performance, recyclability with little loss in storage capacity, as well as manageable production costs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…The inclusion of hydride materials into nanoporous scaffolds is also an important aspect; while ball milling (BM) seems to be the prevalent method, the incipient wetness/infiltration method and in situ generation of hydride materials inside the matrix are gaining momentum, especially due to the better dispersion and polydispersity of NPs produced by the latter methods. With a higher surface-to-volume ratio, hydride NPs are expected to behave differently in hydrogenation studies, with lower enthalpies compared to bulk and enhanced kinetics due in part to more efficient H 2 diffusion in the thin hydride layer of a few nm [1][2][3]. Solvent infiltration/evaporation is more commonly used in the case of complex hydride solutions, given their higher solubility in ethereal solutions such as MTBE and similar inert ethers [2][3][4][5][6].…”