2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.010
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Recent development in catalytic technologies for methanol synthesis from renewable sources: A critical review

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Cited by 185 publications
(81 citation statements)
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“…Copper‐based catalysts are widely used for technical applications in methanol chemistry, well‐known examples include methanol synthesis from syngas with an optimized CO/CO 2 ratio, hydrogenation/photoreduction of CO 2 to produce “renewable” methanol, and methanol steam reforming (MSR) as the reversal of the synthesis reaction from CO 2. The ability to control product selectivity is a key criterion for technical usage. Therefore, to realize the efficient on‐board production of clean hydrogen in, for example, automotive applications, the key targets for MSR are high CO 2 selectivity, low CO content, and maximum H 2 yield in the reformate .…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 89%
“…Copper‐based catalysts are widely used for technical applications in methanol chemistry, well‐known examples include methanol synthesis from syngas with an optimized CO/CO 2 ratio, hydrogenation/photoreduction of CO 2 to produce “renewable” methanol, and methanol steam reforming (MSR) as the reversal of the synthesis reaction from CO 2. The ability to control product selectivity is a key criterion for technical usage. Therefore, to realize the efficient on‐board production of clean hydrogen in, for example, automotive applications, the key targets for MSR are high CO 2 selectivity, low CO content, and maximum H 2 yield in the reformate .…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 89%
“…In a first conversion step, highly endothermic steam reforming of natural gas is performed to produce synthesis gas (stoichiometric mixture of one mole CO and three moles H 2 ), where methane reacts with excessive steam at high temperature (>1100 K) and high pressure (>20 bar) over a Ni‐containing catalyst . Secondly, synthesis gas is converted to methanol using Cu‐based heterogeneous catalysts at typically 220–260 °C and 70–80 bar . The next step is the carboxylation of methanol with additional CO to generate the intermediate formic acid methyl ester, which is typically at 80 °C and 45 bar using a Na methoxide catalyst .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Mo 3d XPS spectra of the 20Mo 2 C/M41 and xCu20Mo 2 C/M41-I samples are shown in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 4, the doublet peaks, which were assigned to Mo 3d 5 (MoO 3 ), respectively, in which the δ was an intermediate oxidation state between 4 and 6 (4 < δ < 6) [26,41]. By curve fitting the Mo 3d profiles, the ratio of the surface Mo IV and Mo δ species to the total molybdenum species (i.e., (Mo IV + Mo δ )/Mo total (Mo total = Mo II + Mo IV + Mo δ + Mo VI )) was obtained and summarized in Table 4.…”
Section: N 2 Adsorption-desorptionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The chemical utilization of CO 2 , which is the cheapest and most abundant C1 resource, has become an important global challenge [3][4][5]. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 can produce various types of valuable chemicals and has been recently identified as one of the most promising processes for the utilization of CO 2 [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%