“…Previously, because of the morphological and phenological differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, and the rarity in or absence from the life cycle of one of these morphs, separate names were assigned to these stagesthe dual system of fungal nomenclatureeven when the associations were suspected or known: proven by obtaining asexual cultures from the sexual spores in the Ascomycota; or by plant inoculation in the biotrophic (non-culturable) rust fungi of the Basidiomycota. However, recent changes to Article 59 of the International Code of Nomenclaturewhich originally allowed for the naming of both asexual and sexual states of the fungi with unique Latin binomialsnow ensures that the scientific name should be based on the principle of priority in the 'one fungus-one name policy' [62,63]. This is reflected in Table 2 where, in some cases, both the old and new genus or species names are included when name priority has yet to be determined.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Correct genus name, according to Kirk et al [22]: in some cases, amended following the one fungus-one name policy [62,63]; original genus or alternative name (asexual or sexual stage) in parentheses. 6 Unpublished records from CABI surveys in India and Sri Lanka, 1997-2000, host from India listed as L. robustum sensu lato (s.l.…”
The arthropod and fungal natural enemies of privets (Ligustrum spp., Oleaceae) are listed, based on the data from taxonomic and nomenclatural websites, printed and electronic literature searches, including CAB Abstracts. Initially, the lists were compiled to identify and assess those natural enemies occurring on Ligustrum robustum in its indigenous Asian range as part of a classical biological control programme for the island of La Réunion, where this privet species has become a problematic invasive alien weed. However, because other species of Ligustrum are also posing invasive problems in other parts of the world, wherever they have been introduced, the lists have been expanded to cover all species in the genus. These records of natural enemies of Ligustrum, together with the distribution data, should enable those involved with the issues of invasive privets to assess the potential of classical biological control as an option for their management. As a further aid, an overview of those natural enemies considered to have the highest potential as classical biological control agents for L. robustum is included.
“…Previously, because of the morphological and phenological differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, and the rarity in or absence from the life cycle of one of these morphs, separate names were assigned to these stagesthe dual system of fungal nomenclatureeven when the associations were suspected or known: proven by obtaining asexual cultures from the sexual spores in the Ascomycota; or by plant inoculation in the biotrophic (non-culturable) rust fungi of the Basidiomycota. However, recent changes to Article 59 of the International Code of Nomenclaturewhich originally allowed for the naming of both asexual and sexual states of the fungi with unique Latin binomialsnow ensures that the scientific name should be based on the principle of priority in the 'one fungus-one name policy' [62,63]. This is reflected in Table 2 where, in some cases, both the old and new genus or species names are included when name priority has yet to be determined.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Correct genus name, according to Kirk et al [22]: in some cases, amended following the one fungus-one name policy [62,63]; original genus or alternative name (asexual or sexual stage) in parentheses. 6 Unpublished records from CABI surveys in India and Sri Lanka, 1997-2000, host from India listed as L. robustum sensu lato (s.l.…”
The arthropod and fungal natural enemies of privets (Ligustrum spp., Oleaceae) are listed, based on the data from taxonomic and nomenclatural websites, printed and electronic literature searches, including CAB Abstracts. Initially, the lists were compiled to identify and assess those natural enemies occurring on Ligustrum robustum in its indigenous Asian range as part of a classical biological control programme for the island of La Réunion, where this privet species has become a problematic invasive alien weed. However, because other species of Ligustrum are also posing invasive problems in other parts of the world, wherever they have been introduced, the lists have been expanded to cover all species in the genus. These records of natural enemies of Ligustrum, together with the distribution data, should enable those involved with the issues of invasive privets to assess the potential of classical biological control as an option for their management. As a further aid, an overview of those natural enemies considered to have the highest potential as classical biological control agents for L. robustum is included.
“…Morphological structures were observed under an Olympus BX51 light microscope using cotton blue staining [28]. Species were identified according to Godeas [29], Gams [30, 31], Stolk et al [32], and Domsch et al [33]. Molecular identification was performed according to Stenglein and Balatti [34] to confirm the morphological identification of the most representative species that linked the crime scene with the defendant.…”
Criminal cases are studied from several disciplines to link a suspect with a criminal act. In this case, a man was reported missing in a coastal area in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The victim's relatives pointed to a possible suspect, and the local police carried out the investigation. We contributed to this research by applying palynological and mycological techniques. Palynomorphs and fungal spores offer valuable trace evidence, as they can be easily transferred between objects and crime scenes due to their minute size and persist on them for a long time. The victim was found 25 days later, lying on sandy soil, which partially covered the body, 35 km from where the suspect was arrested. Comparative samples were collected from the crime scene and the suspect's home and belongings (clothes, footwear, and seized vehicle). The palynological associations obtained from the crime scene and the defendant's belongings were dominated by diatoms and acritarchs (Acantomorphitae), all elements of marine origin, and a high CFU number of Bipolaris cynodontis, which allowed the defendant's clothing to be related to the place of corpse discovery. Soil from the defendant's home had an entirely continental composition, and the fungal biota was characteristic of prairie areas which were different from those of the crime scene.
“…Ophiocordyceps thus consists of both sexually and asexually typified spp. For such genera as Ophiocordyceps, Metarhizium, Tolypocladium , alternative or suppressed generic names retain the role of morphological descriptors as suggested by Gams (2016). 10.1080/21501203.2017.1386242-F0003Figure 3.Species composition of Ophiocordyceps.…”
Section: Current Placement Of Cordyceps Spp Following Amendment Of Amentioning
Innumerable name changes have occurred in Cordyceps and allied taxa, after the phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps, coupled by the application of one fungus one name after the amendment of ICN. Complying with one fungus one name, many generic names have been protected for monophyletic clades in Clavicipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae that have made tremendous transfer of Cordyceps spp. to both sexual and asexual genera. Species compositions of the accepted genera Ophiocordyceps, Tolypocladium, Metarhizium, Perennicordyceps, Polycephalomyces and Purpureocillium are briefly discussed to update the readers with the current placements of Cordyceps spp. Some examples of frequent name changes of Cordyceps spp. are also mentioned, with reference to use of older scientific names in non-mycological publications.
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