Recent challenges in modeling of urban heat island

Mirzaei, Parham A.

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2015.04.001

Cited by 366 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For numerical modelling of urban climate processes, various models and frameworks have been used (Mirzaei and Haghighat, 2010;Moonen et al, 2012;Mirzaei, 2015). One possible approach is to use a regional meteorological or climate model.…”

Section: Urban Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

PALM-USM v1.0: A new urban surface model integrated into the PALM large-eddy simulation model

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Urban areas are an important part of the climate system and many aspects of urban climate have direct effects on human health and living conditions. This implies that reliable tools for local urban climate studies supporting sustainable urban planning are needed. However, a realistic implementation of urban canopy processes still poses a serious challenge for weather and climate modelling for the current generation of numerical models. To address this demand, a new urban surface model (USM), describing the surface energy processes for urban environments, was developed and integrated as a module into the PALM large-eddy simulation model. The development of the presented first version of the USM originated from modelling the urban heat island during summer heat wave episodes and thus implements primarily processes important in such conditions. The USM contains a multi-reflection radiation model for shortwave and longwave radiation with an integrated model of absorption of radiation by resolved plant canopy (i.e. trees, shrubs). Furthermore, it consists of an energy balance solver for horizontal and vertical impervious surfaces, and thermal diffusion in ground, wall, and roof materials, and it includes a simple model for the consideration of anthropogenic heat sources. The USM was parallelized using the standard Message Passing Interface and performance testing demonstrates that the computational costs of the USM are reasonable on typical clusters for the tested configurations. The module was fully integrated into PALM and is available via its online repository under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The USM was tested on a summer heat-wave episode for a selected Prague crossroads. The general representation of the urban boundary layer and patterns of surface temperatures of various surface types (walls, pavement) are in good agreement with in situ observations made in Prague. Additional simulations were performed in order to assess the sensitivity of the results to uncertainties in the material parameters, the domain size, and the general effect of the USM itself. The first version of the USM is limited to the processes most relevant to the study of summer heat waves and serves as a basis for ongoing development which will address additional processes of the urban environment and lead to improvements to extend the utilization of the USM to other environments and conditions.

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Section: Urban Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

PALM-USM v1.0: A new urban surface model integrated into the PALM large-eddy simulation model

et al. 2017

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“…Djedjig (2012) described approaches for modelling green roof heat and mass transfer using partial differential equations to calculate heat balance based on measurement [40]. Mirzaei (2015) reviewed different modelling tools to investigate UHI effects using tools ranging from the building scale (i.e., energyPlus) through to the meso-city scale (i.e., Town Energy Balance Model) [41]. The drivers for studying UHI effects vary from energy saving, adaptation to future temperature prediction and urban ventilation surface manipulation.…”

Section: Urban Heat Island Effect Mitigation Improving Thermal Comformentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Nature-Based Solutions for the Built Environment

2017

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Nature has provided humankind with food, fuel, and shelter throughout evolutionary history. However, in contemporary cities, many natural landscapes have become degraded and replaced with impermeable hard surfaces (e.g., roads, paving, car parks and buildings). The reversal of this trend is dynamic, complex and still in its infancy. There are many facets of urban greening initiatives involving multiple benefits, sensitivities and limitations. The aim of this paper is to develop a characterisation method of nature based solutions for designing and retrofitting in the built environment, and to facilitate knowledge transfer between disciplines and for design optimisation. Based on a review of the literature across disciplines, key characteristics could be organised into four groups: policy and community initiatives, multiple benefits assessment, topology, and design options. Challenges and opportunities for developing a characterisation framework to improve the use of nature based solutions in the built environment are discussed.

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“…Dentre os principais efeitos das ilhas de calor, destacam-se: (i) o aumento do número de mortes relacionadas ao aumento da temperatura e poluição (Dhalluin & Bozonnet, 2015;Kleerekoper, Van Esch & Salcedo , 2012;Mirzaei, 2015); (ii) o aumento do consumo de energia devido ao uso do ar condicionado (Dhalluin & Bozonnet, 2015;Mirzaei, 2015); (iii) a alteração da circulação de ar, favorecendo a convecção local e precipitação (O'Malley et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2016); (iv) a redução da velocidade do ar e dispersão de poluentes (Fernández et al, 2015;Santamouris et al, 2011); e (v) a alteração de temperatura pode influenciar negativamente na fauna e flora urbanas (Gartland, 2008).…”

Section: Identificação De Medidas Mitigadoras Aos Efeitos Das Ilhas Dunclassified

“…Essas são potenciais causas das ilhas de calor urbano, fenômeno este que pode ser caracterizado pelo aumento da temperatura do ar no centro de áreas urbanas construídas, em comparação com as áreas circundantes rurais ou suburbanas, principalmente devido às atividades humanas (Yan, Wang, Xia & Feng, 2016). Dentre os impactos decorrentes desse fenômeno, destacam-se: (i) a mudança do clima local com alteração da circulação de ar e dispersão de poluentes (Yan et al, 2016); (ii) o aumento do consumo de energia (Dhalluin & Bozonnet, 2015); e (iii) a alteração da saúde pública da população, com possibilidade da ocorrência de mortes devido ao aumento de temperatura e concentração de poluentes (Mirzaei, 2015), dentre outros.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Vulnerabilidade às Ilhas de Calor no Município de São Paulo: Uma Abordagem para a Implantação de Medidas Mitigadoras na Gestão Urbana

Siqueira-Gay¹,

Dibo²,

Giannotti³

2017

GeAS

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RESUMONa prática do planejamento urbano e ambiental, especialmente no contexto de adaptação às mudanças ambientais, há demanda por estudos que integrem informações sociais, econômicas e ambientais da população e de sua exposição ao risco. Especialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, a impermeabilização e verticalização têm potencial de causar elevação da temperatura do ar local, desencadeando o fenômeno das ilhas de calor. Em consequência, outros efeitos decorrem desse fenômeno como problemas de saúde da população, poluição e alteração da circulação de ar. Nesse contexto, diante dos riscos e consequências das ilhas de calor urbanas, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as áreas prioritárias para a implementação de medidas de mitigação aos efeitos do fenômeno de ilhas de calor urbano no município de São Paulo. Para tal, foi proposto um índice de avaliação de vulnerabilidade que considera as dimensões sociais e ambientais, relacionando a capacidade de adaptação, sensibilidade e exposição à ocorrência do fenômeno de ilhas de calor urbano. Além disso, foram identificadas as medidas de mitigação aos efeitos associados às ilhas de calor no âmbito do planejamento urbano municipal. As áreas centrais da cidade foram identificadas como críticas à exposição, e a periferia como crítica em relação à capacidade de adaptação e sensibilidade.. Além disso, são elencadas algumas estratégias como implantação e conservação de espaço verdes, preservação de corpos d'água, alteração de design e forma urbana e uso de materiais com alta reflectância, as quais são parcialmente previstas no Plano Diretor Estratégico do município para mitigação do efeito das ilhas de calor urbano. Palavras-chave:

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Recent challenges in modeling of urban heat island

Cited by 366 publications

References 48 publications

PALM-USM v1.0: A new urban surface model integrated into the PALM large-eddy simulation model

PALM-USM v1.0: A new urban surface model integrated into the PALM large-eddy simulation model

Characterisation of Nature-Based Solutions for the Built Environment

Vulnerabilidade às Ilhas de Calor no Município de São Paulo: Uma Abordagem para a Implantação de Medidas Mitigadoras na Gestão Urbana

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